Mastering English Grammar: summary

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Mastering English Grammar:

Summary

Learning Objective

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to fully understand 

and apply the rules of:

Modal verbs
Conditionals
Adverbs & adjectives
Word order
Quantifiers

Important word: Pitfalls

Some grammar mistakes are very common in English, certain words get mixed up a lot! There is a chance that you've also made these mistakes without even realising it.

We call them: pitfalls

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs express:

Necessity - noodzaak/behoefte
Possibility - optie/mogelijkheid 
Ability - vaardigheid/vermogen (be able to)
Permission/prohibition - toestemming/verbod
Obligation - Verplichting

Modals

What are they?

Helping verbs that add meaning to a sentence.
I swim - I can swim - I could swim - I would swim, but...

What is the rule with all modals?

modal verb + infinitive

e.g.: The students must study, or else they will fail the test.

Modal Verbs Practice

Create a sentence using 'could' to express possibility.

Create a sentence using 'may' to ask permission.

Create a sentence using 'must' to express probability (100%).

Modal Verbs Practice

Create a sentence using 'could' to express possibility.
Example: I could pass this test (if I studied)
Create a sentence using 'may' to ask permission.
Example: May I use a marker on my test?  (no, you may not)
Create a sentence using 'must' to express probability (100%).
Example: This test must be difficult. (because there are so many subjects)

Here are 4 modal verbs
But which one is WRONG?

1. It may rain tomorrow
2. It might rain tomorrow
3. It is allowed to rain tomorrow
4. It could rain tomorrow

Here are 4 modal verbs
But which one is WRONG?

1. You shouldn't feed the animals!
2. You mightn't feed the animals!
3. You may not feed the animals!
4. You mustn't feed the animals!

First and Second Conditionals

First conditional: real possibilities in the present or future.

Second conditional: hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future.

First and Second Conditionals

First conditional: real possibility
Rule:  if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
If it rains, I will get wet.
I will get wet if it rains.

Second conditional: hypothetical or unlikely
Rule: if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
If I controlled the weather, I would make it sunny.
I would make it sunny if I controlled the weather.

Conditionals Practice

Complete the sentences:
If I study hard, I _______ (get) good grades.

If I studied hard, I _______ (get) good grades.

Conditionals Practice

Complete the sentences:
If I study hard, I _______ (get) good grades.
If I study hard, I will get good grades. (I probably will)
If I studied hard, I _______ (get) good grades.
If I studied hard, I would get good grades. (I probably won't)

Adverbs & Adjectives

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Rule: often +ly, but not always!

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns

Adverbs & Adjectives Practice

Identify the adverb in the following sentence:
She quickly finished her homework.

Adverb or adjective?
I shut the broken window.
The doctor thoroughly examined my foot.
.

Adverbs & Adjectives Practice

Identify the adverb in the following sentence:
She quickly finished her homework.

Adverb or adjective?
I shut the broken window. Adjective -> window
The doctor thoroughly examined my foot. Adverb -> examined

Spot the adverb:
This book is more interesting than the last one.

1. interesting
2. book
3. more
4. last

Word Order

In English, the typical word order is subject-verb-object (SVO). However, word order can change for emphasis, questions, and certain sentence structures.

Basisregel:
Wie - doet wat - waar - wanneer
Onderwerp - werkwoord - lijdend voorwerp

Word Order Practice

Reorder the words to form a grammatically correct sentence:

Yesterday, she the book read.

I daily to school cycle.

Word Order Practice

Reorder the words to form a grammatically correct sentence:

Yesterday, she the book read.
Yesterday, she read the book.
She read the book yesterday.
I daily to school cycle.
I cycle to school daily.

Quantifiers

Quantifiers are words used to indicate the quantity or amount of something.

Much - Many - A lot of (veel)
Few - little (weinig)
A few - A little (een paar/een beetje)

Some - any (een paar/een beetje)

Quantifiers - telbaar, bijv:

1 dog - 2 dogs

1 book - 2 books

1 house - 2 houses

1 pocket - 2 pockets

1 test - 2 tests

Quantifiers - ontelbaar, bijv:

water

money

music
furniture
equipment
rubbish
luggage
advice

information

Quantifiers - telbaar, bijv:

1 dog - 2 dogs

1 book - 2 books

1 house - 2 houses

1 pocket - 2 pockets

1 test - 2 tests

Quantifiers - ontelbaar, bijv:

water

money

music
furniture
equipment
rubbish
luggage
advice

information

Use the correct quantifier:
We have ______ garbage tonight.

1. much
2. few
3. a few
4. a lot of

Use the correct quantifier:
That is ____ solid advice you gave me!

1. some
2. a little
3. a few
4. many

Study material

• This LessonUp, link in Teams
  
• Screenshots in Teams
• Study document/ exercises by ms. Wigman (Somtoday & Teams)
  
• Handouts from class
• Your study book
  
• Ask questions at the end of this class
• Still abracadabra? Text me on Teams!

Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.

The students indicate here (in question form) with which part of the material they still have difficulty. For the teacher, this not only provides insight into the extent to which the students understand/master the material, but also a good starting point for the next lesson.