Short Story Intro

 Short Stories
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 Short Stories

Slide 1 - Diapositive

What are we going to do?
  • Part 1
  • Energizer ( start )
  • Test vocabulary (results)
  • Short stories ( revision)
  • Read ( 20 minutes) or practice reading skills
  • Ted talk listening

Slide 2 - Diapositive

Let's start with short stories...
What are short stories and how do they work? 
Grab your notebook and write down keywords while watching the following video. 

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Slide 4 - Vidéo

Characteristics of a short story
  • it started as oral tales and ballads
  • 19th century: started to look like the current form, so written down and printed, usually in magazines. 
  • It is called short, doesn't mean it's always short. It can be lenghty too. 
  • There is usually a twist at the end
  • Often reveals a certain aspect of a character 

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Tools for working on short stories
  • Plot, structure and tension
  • Status quo - rising action - climax - denouement 
  • Character
  • Theme 
  • Setting, time and mood
  • Narration and point of view
  • Irony
  • Symbolism

Slide 6 - Diapositive

What is a short story?
- It is narrative prose that is usually centered around one single event.
- limited and has an introduction, body and a conclusion.. 

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Plot and tension
  • The plot is the development in the story. One action or event relates to another action or event.
       Example: The King died, and the Queen died of grief.
       The ‘wh-questions’ are a good means to discover the plot.
  • Tension (or suspense) relates to the plot. The more (unexpected) things happen, the more tension a reader will experience. Tension or conflict is usually the heart of  the story

Slide 8 - Diapositive

So...
  • The status quo is the starting point of the situation in the story.
  • Then the plot develops: rising action, working its way towards the climax.
  • The climax of the story is usually towards the end of the story, but not necessarily the end itself. It is the moment all the pieces of the puzzle fall into place.
  • The denouement is the falling action: the story comes to an open or closed end.

Slide 9 - Diapositive

Character
  • Protagonist, main character: usually one or two
  •  readers often connect with the character. 
  • Description: often uses labels: e.g. jealous, courageous, cheeky, though, strong, weak, etc. 
  • Not a lot of character development in short stories
  • Round or flat character.  Round  He/she is changes.
  • Flat character (does not change) .  

Slide 10 - Diapositive

Theme
  • The theme is the message of the story. 
  • When you know the theme you will understand the story. 
  • Some keywords for themes: love - revenge - redemption - good vs evil 
  • You need to be able to describe the theme, so a theme is usually more than a keyword. 
  • Stories contain multiple themes  

Slide 11 - Diapositive

Setting/ time and mood
  • Time and place ( what year was the story published, what action takes place)
  •  Examples for place: country, house, room
  • Examples for time: specific year or era, war time, future, seasons
  • Sometimes there are no direct references, so look for clues. For example: references to historic events, name of the king/queen, is it inside our outside. 

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Narration or Point of view
  • The narrator is the person or other character who is telling us the story. 
  • Usually it is clear who the narrator is. 
  • Different narration types

Slide 13 - Diapositive

First person or I-narrative
  •  it is told from a particular character's point of view, as they are experiencing it themselves 
  • Usually you don't get the perspectives of other characters. 
  • uses first person pronouns (I, we, me, us) 

Slide 14 - Diapositive

Third person narrative
  • tells the story using third person pronouns (they,  their, he, she) 
  • Usually narrated by an outsider, someone who doesn't appear in the story. 

Slide 15 - Diapositive

All-knowing or omnicient
  • The narrator knows all and sees all.
  • thoughts and feelings of different characters

Slide 16 - Diapositive

Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly
normal, thank you very much. They were the last people you’d expect to be involved in anything
strange or mysterious, because they just didn’t hold with such nonsense.
A
First person
B
Third person
C
Omnicient

Slide 17 - Quiz

Call me Ishmael. Some years ago—never mind how long precisely—having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world.
A
First person
B
Third Person
C
Omnicient

Slide 18 - Quiz

Margaret, the eldest of the four, was sixteen, and very pretty, being plump and fair, with large eyes, plenty of soft brown hair, a sweet mouth, and white hands, of which she was rather vain. Fifteen-year-old Jo was very tall, thin, and brown, and reminded one of a colt … Elizabeth, or Beth, as everyone called her, was a rosy, smooth-haired, bright-eyed girl of thirteen, with a shy manner, a timid voice, and a peaceful expression, which was seldom disturbed … “
A
First person
B
Third person
C
Omnicient

Slide 19 - Quiz

Title
  • The explanation of the title may help you understand the theme of the story. 
  • The author will want to make you think 
  • For example: One Flew over the cuckoo's nest 

Slide 20 - Diapositive

Irony
  • Think of sarcasm. When it is raining and someone tells you: "What a lovely day to be outside."
  •  What you hear or see does not match with reality.
  • Often used in cases of misfortune:
    Win the lottery and die the next day
    Being hit by an ambulance

Slide 21 - Diapositive

What is the Irony here? 

Slide 22 - Diapositive

What is the irony here?

Slide 23 - Diapositive

What is the irony here?

Slide 24 - Diapositive

Symbolism
  • A symbol stands for something else, bigger, universal.
  • It is a literary technique that adds meaning to a short story by using an event or object as a symbol to represent something else. 
  • For example, a gravestone may be a symbol of death since gravestones are associated with death.
  • Many authors use symbolism to subtly allude to the meaning of something without being obvious.

Slide 25 - Diapositive

When using symbolism, the following would stand for?
Black

Slide 26 - Question ouverte

When using symbolism, the following would stand for?
Butterfly

Slide 27 - Question ouverte

Flashback
  • The author jumps back in time. 
  •  it oftens contradicts or proves something in the present. 

Slide 28 - Diapositive

Slide 29 - Diapositive

Foreshadowing
  •  is a literary device that writers utilize as a means to indicate or hint to readers something that is to follow or appear later in a story.
  •   is an excellent device in terms of creating suspense and dramatic tension for readers.
  • For example:  winter

Slide 30 - Diapositive