Blood groups

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Blood groups & transfusions

Saving lives today!!

Instructions

Today you will work your way through this lessonup.

Complete the slides one by one. Read the instructions carefully. Complete the lessonup before the end of the lesson today.

The teacher will be available for questions in the Google meet

Red blood cells don't:

1. transport oxygen
2. transport glucose
3. transport carbon dioxide
4. transport haemoglobin

White blood cells don't:

1. produce antibodies
2. belong to the immune system
3. eat pathogens
4. transport oxygen

Why do we have white blood cells?

1. To protect us from suffocating
2. To protect us from bleeding out
3. To protect us from the cold
4. To protect us from pathogens

How do white blood cells know what to attack?

Cells have antigens on the outside of their cell membranes. White blood cells scan all the cells they meet to see if the antigens belong to your body. Antigens it doesn't recognise will be attacked.

Blood group A

Blood group B

Blood group AB

Blood group O

Antigen A

Antigen A

Antigen B

Antigen B

Antigen C

Antigen C

About how much blood does an adult human have circulating in their body?

What blood group is someone with antigen A?

1. A
2. B
3. AB
4. O

What blood group is someone with antigen A and B?

1. A
2. B
3. AB
4. O

What blood group is someone with neither antigen A nor B?

1. A
2. B
3. AB
4. O

Someone with antigen B and the rhesus factor has blood group:

1. B +
2. AB +
3. AB -
4. B -

Someone with antigen A and B and without the rhesus factor has blood group:

1. A +
2. AB -
3. AB+
4. B-

	antigen A	antigen B	rhesus factor
A +
B -
AB +
AB -
O +
O -

How do white blood cells fight foreign antigens?

White blood cells produce antibodies. These are small molecules that can connect to antigens and each other. They can cover pathogens and stop them from causing harm. Because they also stick together they cause clots of pathogens and antibodies stuck together.

Antibodies and blood groups

Blood groups have different antigens, but also different antibodies. This is because they only have antibodies against antigens that are not the ones they have themselves.

The antibody against the rhesus factor is called anti-rhesus and can only be produced by people who are rhesus negative

Someone with antibody A and anti-rhesus has blood group:

1. A-
2. B-
3. A+
4. B+

Someone with antibody A and antibody B has blood group:

1. O-
2. AB-
3. AB+
4. O+

If cells with antigen B enter the body of someone with blood group A+, what will happen? Make a drawing, take a picture and upload here

Explain why you can't just give someone any type of blood with a blood transfusion

Figuring out someone blood group

When we need to give someone a blood transfusion we first need to know their blood group. We can do that by taking a bit of their blood and mixing it with antibodies to see if a reaction (clotting) takes place. Remember: antibody A clots with antigen A etc.

Example

In the left tube there is antibody A, but there is no clotting. Conclusion: No antigen A present

In the middle tube there is antibody B, there is clotting. Conclusion: antigen B present

In the right tube there is anti rhesus, but there is no clotting. Conclusion: No rhesus antigen present

Blood group: B-

Now you try

Use this website to practise.

For each of the people:

- Drop a bit of blood in each well (dip)

- Add some antibodies in the correct well

- Wait a second and the table will fill in (have patience, it will fill in)

- Add your results on the following slides

What is Ms Brown's blood group?

A+

A-

B+

B-

AB+

AB-

O+

O-

What is Mr Green's blood group?

A+

A-

B+

B-

AB+

AB-

O+

O-

What is Mr Jones' blood group?

A+

A-

B+

B-

AB+

AB-

O+

O-

What is Mr Smith's blood group?

A+

A-

B+

B-

AB+

AB-

O+

O-

Selecting blood for transfusion

Once you know the blood group of the patient you can select the blood that is suitable for transfusion. You are looking for blood without antigens that can cause clotting, because clotting can cause a heart attack or stroke.

For example: patient with A- can only receive blood without antigen B and without the rhesus factor

Saving the patient

Play this game 

(you can play multiple times, it generates new patients)

Tips:

- Before adding blood to the test tubes, check the contents of the tubes by clicking on it. It will show you which antibodies are present

- You can click generate more bags to get new bags of blood to pick from

Copy the table under the hotspot, fill it in, take a picture and upload here

Finished!