1.4 Europe: winners and losers

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

What are we going to do today?

Recap 1.3 Development at different speeds

Homework check

Instruction 1.4 Europe: winners and losers

Let's practice!

Recap 1.3

What internal causes for poverty in a country can be distinguished?

What external causes for poverty in a country can be distinguished?

Internal causes: natural

What natural features increase a country's development prospects?

• fertile ground
• not too mountainous
• sufficient precipitation
• has natural resources
• located by the sea (not landlocked)

Internal causes: human-political

In LEDCs:

• little or no democracy
• corruption
• favouritism

Internal causes: human-population

Characteristics of the population in a number of countries.

The worldwide birth rate is decreasing.

In LEDCs the birth rate is increasing.
In MEDCs the population ageing is increasing.

What is the disadvantage of a high
birth rate?

• GDP must be shared between more people.

Internal causes: human-population

What age structure is ideal for a country?

• A large, young population group with a good education.

Why is this beneficial for a country?

• The young people make an important contribution to the development of the country.

What is an important condition for development within a country?

• There must be enough work.

Internal causes: human-inequality

Why does inequality within a country increase when it develops economically?

• Some areas and people are benefiting more from growing prosperity.

Social inequality is measured using the Gini coefficient. Gini = 0 (equal). Gini = 1 (most unequal)

High inequality combined with a shortage of work can lead to unrest in a country.

External causes: colonial past

Many LEDCs were once exploitation colonies.

External causes: Role of a country in the world economy

Check the homework

Section 1.3: 2 and 3

Colonial relationships (1500 - 1945)

European colonialism:
1500 – 1800: trade colonialism
1800 – 1950: industrial colonialism

In what areas did a former colonizing country strengthen its grip on the colony?

• education, administration, trade and culture

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Differences in Europe

Which part of Europe is best developed?

• North-western Europe

What part is lagging behind in development?

• Southern and Eastern Europe

Ruhr region: from grey to green

The Ruhr region got into problems after 1965 because:

• mines closed
• blast furnaces were extinguished
• steel mills closed

These industries moved to low-wage countries.

This has led to de-industrialisation.

Ruhr region: from grey to green

What advantages have transformed the Ruhr region into a service region?

• large sales market
• easily accessible
• technically skilled workers

The main industry is now: high-tech

South Germany, more than Bavaria alone

South Germany has long been agricultural and poor. Now this is a leading region in the German and European economy.
Which industries can you find in South Germany?

• capital intensive industries

This industry is strongly focused on export.

Automotive industry

The automotive industry has settled in South Germany. What kind of companies are also located near the car industry there?

• network of support companies
• financial and business services
• scientific institutes

The benefits companies experience by being located near each other are called: agglomeration advantages

South Germany: challenges

What challenges will South Germany face in the coming years?

• the switch from fossil fuels to electricity as an energy source
• to continue to be able to find highly skilled workers

High-quality manufacturing industry has a future in western countries. South Germany proves it.

Get to work

1.4: 1, 2 and 6

Finished early? Check if you can answer the learning objectives of 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3. Write the answers down in your own words.

Next week

Test about:

1.1 Global shift

1.2 Development of the world economy

1.3 Development at different speeds