Perming lesson one

• Hairdressing
• Higher Education (non-degree)

Perming

Summarise everything you already know about perming?

Throughout this unit you will cover...

• The importance of following health and safety when carrying out a perm service. 
• The importance of carrying out a through consultation with a client.
• The main ingredient found within perm lotion, neutralisers and chemical re-arrangers.
• The effect that perm lotion, neutralisers and chemical re-arrangers have on the hair structure.
• The factors that need to be taken into account when perming.
• Different sectioning techniques / perm rods used and their effect
• The use of a chemical re-arranger and when this would be needed.
• The problems that can occur when completing a perm

Today we will look at:

• The importance of completing a through consultation with a client  before a perm.
• The health and safety that must be followed throughout the service
• The tools and equipment required to complete a perm.

What health and safety do need to follow?

Can you list some legislation's that we must follow?

Health and Safety

When working with chemicals, you need to be aware of the hazards and risks. 

When perming, you will be working with strong chemicals which can cause harm to you or your client.

Why is it important to follow MFI?

Legislations 

The Health and Safety at work act covers all health and safety in the workplace for everyone.

It outlines everyone’s responsibilities whilst working in your place of work.

Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

These regulations cover the lifting of loads as well as lowering, pushing, pulling, carrying and moving them whether by hand or other bodily force. It means all workers must minimise the risk from lifting and handling objects by assessing objects before moving them and using correct posture.

Electricity at Work Regulations 1990

Any electrical items used in the workplace need to be checked and maintained by a qualified electrician.

If you do find a faulty item you should remove the item from the salon, label it so others know then report the fault to a senior member of staff.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002

This act refers to chemicals in the work place.

All substances hazardous to health should be stored, handled, used and disposed of following manufacturers instructions, salon guidelines and local bye-laws.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work Regulations 1992

This covers the supply and use of PPE in the workplace. It is the employers responsibility to supply the PPE but the employee's responsibility to use it appropriatly. 

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013

These regulations require that if any employee suffers a personal injury that results in hospitalisation, permanent injury or death it must be reported to the local enforcement officer.

This act refers to the use of tools and equipment.

It states that anyone who uses them should be trained and competent to use them. Equipment must also be safe and fit for the purpose it is intended for. It should also be well maintained.

The Workplace regulations. These regulations state that it is the requirement of all the people at the workplace to help maintain a safe and healthy environment.

This legislation requires all businesses to have basic standards for fire prevention and control, and an emergency exit should the worst happen. A fire risk assessment which needs to reviewed annually. 

Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981

This requires the protection of everyone in the workplace by making sure risk assessments are carried out to prevent accidents and injuries at work.

It is advisable that at least one person has undertaken first-aid training.

A minimum of a basic first aid box should be kept in the workplace.

Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992

This protects the health of people who work with display screen equipment (DSE).

Long-term use is often associated with neck, shoulder, back or arm pain, fatigue and eyestrain.

Users need to follow good practice, such as setting up their workstations well and taking periodic breaks

What PPE does your client need?

PPE

• Gown
• Towel
• Plastic shoulder cape 

Your client must be wearing all the above to avoid chemicals getting onto their clothing. 

You must also use cotton wool around the hairline to avoid irritation to the skin.

List the PPE you must wear when completing a chemical perm

Stylist PPE

State two reasons why it is important to wear gloves when applying perm lotion.

Group discussion

Why is it important to position the trolley next to you during the perm service?

Position of tools and equipment

It is important to ensure you are ready and prepared for the service by preparing your trolley before the client arrives and positioning it near you. This will:

• Save time
• Prevent fatigue 
• Look professional
• Enable methodical working
• Avoid injury and over stretching 

Consultation

Why is consultation important?

What must be do during consultation? 

Give examples of the types of questions we should be asking our client.

Consultation

These questions are important to ask your client during consultation. They will help you determine the clients requirements and any contra-indications that may occur. 

You should question all clients and quoting the cost of the perm serviced based on their hair length and density. 

All the information that you discuss should be written down on your clients record card. 

Explain the legal significance of NOT questioning and recording client responses to questions during a perm service.

Legal significance of not questioning and recording.

• Stylist / salons may be liable if they do not ask the clients the relevant questions should the service go wrong.
• Lack of evidence to provide support in case of legal action. 

What else must be completed during the consultation?

Porosity test

Elasticity test

Before all services on dry hair

Before all services on wet hair

Checks the cuticle layer of the hair

Checks the cortex layer of the hair

Should feel smooth and non-porous.

Should stretch about 30% and return to original length

Explain the process for carrying out an incompatibility test.

Incompatibility test

Carried our before a perm service. To test for incompatible products and metallic salts.

Take a test cutting and place in solution 20:1 liquid peroxide and perm lotion. Leave for up to 30 minutes. 

What would we ideally like to see?

Incompatibility test

Ideally you want no reaction in order to complete the service. 

If the hair bubbles, gets warm and/or becomes dis-coloured, then metallic salts are present on the hair.

If this happens you CAN NOT perm the hair. You would need to offer conditioning treatments and re-test the hair in 4-6 weeks.

Curl development test

Carried out throughout the perm development. 

Done by loosing a perm rod and checking the correct degree of curl has been achieved. 

This will ensure the hair is fully developed before rinsing.

What would happen if your client fails the hair tests?

Failing the hair test

• Do not proceed with the service
• Advice a series of penetrating conditioning treatments
• Inform a more senior person
• Offer the client other service. 

Test results

By completing the tests, you will be able to identify the following:

• If the service can be carried out
• The perm lotion strength you will be using
• Processing time for development.

State three potential consequences of not carrying out hair tests.

Potential consequences 

•  Desired result not achieved
• Damage to the hair
• Damage to the skin
• Disintegration of the hair
• Client taking legal action
• Allergic reaction

What contra-indications could affect the perming service?

How and why do these effect the service and possible effects on the service?

What can happen if the hair test is failed?

1. Enhanced hair health
2. Improved hair texture
3. Stronger hair strands
4. Damage to the hair

What should you advise the client to do after failing the hair test?

1. Advise the client to color their hair
2. Advice a series of penetrating conditioning treatments
3. Advise the client to avoid conditioning treatments
4. Advise the client to use heat styling tools

What is a potential consequence of failing to take appropriate action?

1. Desired result not achieved
2. Client becoming a regular customer
3. Client receiving a discount
4. Client recommending your service

What can you identify by completing the tests?

1. The client's hair color preference
2. Client's favorite hair products
3. If the service can be carried out
4. The client's preferred hairstyle

What should you do if the client fails the hair test?

1. Proceed with the service
2. Offer the client another service
3. Inform a more senior person
4. Ignore the test results