Caesar, Augustus en de keizers

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo
• Leerjaar 1

 Rome, eternal empire

5.3 Caesar, Augustus and the emperors

At the end of the lesson...

• You can explain why Julius Caesar gained both supporters and opponents.
• You can explain how emperor August brought peace and prosperity to the Roman Empire.

Feniks, Geschiedenis Werkplaats, Memo, Saga

Kenmerkende aspecten H5

• the rise of the Roman empire, which spread Graeco-Roman culture across Europe
  
• Classical design elements in Graeco-Roman culture
  
• the conflict between Graeco-Roman culture and the Germanic culture of northwestern Europe
  
• the rise of the first monotheistic religions, Judaism and Christianity

5.3.1

Caesar, generaal of dictator?

Julius Caesar

The Roman empire grows!

• What started as a small city grew into a huge empire in just a few centuries.

• Army commanders, such as Julius Caesar, conquer large parts of Europe.

• This map shows the conquests between 500 BC. until about 40 BC.

Burgeroorlogen

133 v. Chr. tot 44 v. Chr.

• Heersen over dit machtige rijk, dat wil iedereen wel!
• Tussen de machtigste Romeinse mannen ontstaat een aantal ruzies die uitlopen in burgeroorlogen 

Burgeroorlog =

Een oorlog tussen twee groepen in één land.

Dictator 

• General Julius Caesar becomes consul; he was very powerful.
• He wanted to take on the self-enriching senators.
• Instead of going to Rome alone, Caesar crosses the Rubicon River with his army. The Senate had told him to come alone. 
• The Senate tried to stop him, but Caesar won the battle. The Senate subsequently appointed him dictator.
• The Senate tried to stop him, but Caesar won the battle. The Senate subsequently appointed him dictator.

The Senate tried to stop him, but Caesar won the battle. The Senate subsequently appointed him dictator.

Dictator =

Ruler with unlimited power, autocrat

Julius Caesar is murdered

44 BC.

• Julius Caesar is becoming more and more powerful. Opponents think that Caesar even wants to become king: they have to stop him!
• On the ides (15th day) of March he is assassinated in the Senate by other senators.

Who killed Julius Caesar?

1. Consuls
2. The Roman people
3. Senators
4. The king

Why did Julius Caesar have many supporters?

Why did Julius Caesar have many opponents?

“Julius Caesar was assassinated by senators,” Is this statement fact or opinion?

1. Feit
2. Mening

5.3.2

From Octavian to Augustus

Gaius Octavianus

• Julius Caesar had adopted his second cousin Octavian as a son. He took over power.
• Caesar's loyal soldiers fully supported Octavian.
• In the years that followed, he eliminated his opponents and put an end to the civil wars.

Too much power?

• Octavian remained the only ruler.
• People feared that Octavian would seize too much power, but Octavian remained consul and continued to support the people.
• Octavian ensured peace and tranquility and was called Augustus (= 'Exalted One').
• He became the first emperor of the Roman Empire
• 
  Good government, lots of food, provinces were quiet. 

Emperor = Highest ruler in the Roman Empire from 27 BC.

Provinces= Part of a country with its own government. Roman provinces were led by Roman administrators.

What is Augustus' real name?

1. Gaius Julius
2. Gaius Octavianus
3. Octavianus
4. Octavianus Gaius

What does Augustus mean?

1. Emperor
2. General
3. Exalted one
4. Enhaned

Assignment

• Make a meme about Julius Caesar or

       Augustus.

• Send it to me via Magister!