1.1a Particles in the atom and atomic radius

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
15 August 2023
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ChemistrySecondary EducationAge 12,13

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AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
15 August 2023

Slide 1 - Diapositive

My Goals Today
  • explain that atoms are mostly empty space surrounding a very small, dense nucleus that contains protons and neutrons; electrons are found in shells in the empty space around the nucleus
  • identify and describe protons, neutrons and electrons in terms of their relative charges and relative masses
  • define the terms atomic and proton number; mass and nucleon number
  • describe the distribution of mass and charge within an atom
  • describe the behaviour of beams of protons, neutrons and electrons moving at the same velocity in an electric field

Slide 2 - Diapositive

My Goals Today
  • determine the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms and ions given atomic or proton number, mass or nucleon number and charge
  • state and explain qualitatively the variations in atomic radius and ionic radius across a period and down a group
  • define the term isotope in terms of numbers of protons and neutrons

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Review of previous learning
  • ⚗️ Atomic Structure Sketch (and model-making) 
  • ⚗️ Advance video 1 viewing: Brief history of the atom in Moodle

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Activity 1. The Atom (Classwork 1)
(Advanced video 1 watching)
  • ⚗️ Video 1: about a brief history of atoms
  • ⚗️ Answer the essential question: ❓How did the atom we know today develop from the past?
  • ⚗️ Make a timeline at https://time.graphics/editor. 

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Brief History of the Atom
  • Democritus 
  • John Dalton
  • Michael Faraday
  • J. J. Thomson
  • Robert Millikan
  • Ernest Rutherford
  • Henry Mosely
  • Niels Bohr
  • Louis de Broglie and Schrödinger

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Brief History of the Atom
  • Democritus - "atomos"
  • John Dalton - Dalton's Atomic Theory
  • Michael Faraday - electric nature of the atomic structure
  • J. J. Thomson - discovered electrons - Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model
  • Robert Millikan - measured the charge of an electron using oil droplets
  • Ernest Rutherford - Most of an atom is a space - Gold Foil Experiment
*1919- named positive charge the proton (+1)
*1932- Rutherford and James Chadwick discover neutron in the nucleus (no charge)
  • Henry Mosely - Each element contains a unique number of protons. 
  • Niels Bohr - Bohr’s Orbit Model
  • Louis de Broglie and Schrödinger - Wave Mechanical Model

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Activity 2. Rutherford's Gold Foil experiment
(Advanced video 2 watching)

  • ⚗️ Discuss the relevance of watching the video and knowing how history relates to today's atomic structure.
  • ⚗️ Processing of Video 2: Modern-day reconstruction of the historical experiment
  • ⚗️ Essential question:❓What does the experiment tell you about the atomic structure?
  • ⚗️Share your answers with the class.

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Activity 2. Rutherford's Gold Foil experiment
Online Simulation 

  • ⚗️ Navigate the simulation found at phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/rutherford-scattering. 
  • ⚗️ With your partner, write a one-sentence conclusion about the structure of the atom.
  • ⚗️ Share your conclusion with the class.

Slide 9 - Diapositive

The Subatomic Particles

Slide 10 - Diapositive

The Subatomic Particles

Slide 11 - Diapositive

Activity 3—The Subatomic Particles
Online Simulation 

  • ⚗️ Navigate the simulation and build an atom at https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_all.html. 
  • ⚗️ With your partner, write a one-sentence conclusion about the location of the sub-atomic particles.
  • ⚗️ Share your conclusion with the class.

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Activity 4—Every Path Particles Take
Drawing / Sketching

  • ⚗️ Draw, on a piece of paper, three lines for the subatomic particles' paths when the electric field is switched on.
  • ⚗️ Share your output with the class.

Slide 13 - Diapositive

Activity 4—Every Path Particles Take
(Advanced video 3 watching)

  • ⚗️ Ask the essential question: ❓How does the video relate to the diagrams you created?
  • ⚗️ Respond to the given essential question and share it with the class.

Slide 14 - Diapositive