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Slide 1 - Diapositive
Topic 4
Moving in the world
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Plan for today
Explanation T4.5 Moving particles
(Make homework)
LAB: Temperatures effects in reactions
Slide 3 - Diapositive
4.5 Moving particles
Slide 4 - Diapositive
Learning goals
I can....
describe the three phases a substance can be in and list characteristics for each phase
name the transition between the different phases
identify phases and phase changes in a graph
describe how the addition or removal of heat changes the movement of molecules and how this can cause phase changes
describe the collision theory and how it affects reaction rate
describe how the change in temperature affects the functionality of enzymes
Slide 5 - Diapositive
Key words
Diffusion
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Collision theory
Rate of a reaction
Denaturation
Optimum temperature
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Diffusion
The spreading of molecules is called Diffusion
Slide 7 - Diapositive
States of matter
The kinetic energy of molecules determines their speed of movement and how far away molecules move from each other. This determines the phase the matter is in.
We have three phases:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Slide 8 - Diapositive
Solid
- Fixed shape (crystal)
- Molecules are vibrating
- Not a lot of kinetic energy
(Low temperature)
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Liquid
- No fixed shape, Volume fixed
- More space between molecules and
they shake a lot more (more kinetic energy)
- Medium kinetic energy
(medium temperature)
Slide 10 - Diapositive
Gas
- No fixed shape, no fixed volume
- Distance between molecules is big
- Velocity of molecules is high, Kinetic
energy is high
Slide 11 - Diapositive
A liquid has a fixed shape?
A
true
B
false
Slide 12 - Quiz
Phase transitions
Phase transition is a change of phase
Solid to liquid = Melting
Liquid to solid = Freezing
Liquid to gas = Evaporation
Gas to liquid = Condensation
Gas to solid = Deposition
Solid to gas = Sublimation
Slide 13 - Diapositive
Phase transitions
During a phase change the
temperature stays constant.
The temperature will not
change until all molecules
have transitioned.
Slide 14 - Diapositive
A substance can change from solid to liquid. This is called a phase transition. What is the name of this phase transition?
A
freezing
B
evaporation
C
melting
D
deposition
Slide 15 - Quiz
Collision theory
The movement of molecules is important for reacting.
Collision theory :
In order for molecules to react they have to collide with enough force to reach the activation energy.
Temperature influences the rate of reaction because faster moving molecules have a higher chance of colliding with enough force to react.
Slide 16 - Diapositive
Denaturation
If molecules collide too forcefully they can change shape.
This is harmful for enzymes since they must fit perfectly into molecules in order to function.
Denaturation: when enzymes change shape and don’t fit.
Slide 17 - Diapositive
Optimum temperature
Optimum temperature: where enzymes work fastest without denaturing