2.4/ 2.5 William of Orange and Philip II / The Republic
2.4/ 2.5 William of Orange and Philip II / The Republic
What caused the final break between Philip II and William of Orange?
How did the Revolt lay the foundations for the Dutch state?
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2.4/ 2.5 William of Orange and Philip II / The Republic
What caused the final break between Philip II and William of Orange?
How did the Revolt lay the foundations for the Dutch state?
Slide 1 - Diapositive
The Spanish Fury
1573: Alba returned home, replaced by Luis de Requesens
Luis Offered amnesty to all rebels who would lay down their weapons
1576: Requesens died whilst Spain was bankrupted -> Mutiny amongst Spanish soldiers => The Spanish Fury
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Union of Arras / Union of Utrecht (1)
After the Spanish Fury -> States General -> Peace treaty with Holland and Zeeland = Pacification of Ghent.
Religion continued to be a problem -> Provinces agreed to not persecute eachother. Zeeland and Holland would remain Calvinist.
Rift between Catholic and Protestants continued to grow. In some cities the Protestants took control by using of force.
Slide 3 - Diapositive
Union of Arras / Union of Utrecht (2)
Catholic said the protestants were breaking their promises.
1579: Few Walloon provinces united in the Union of Arras and made peace with Philip II.
Provinces that wanted to continue the Revolt joined forces in Union of Utrecht.
Slide 4 - Diapositive
What do you know about William of Orange?
Slide 5 - Carte mentale
William of Orange
Born a protestant in Germany
Inherited the title of Prince d'Orange from a nephew.
Raised at the court of Charles V as a Catholic
Stadtholder: Holland + Zeeland
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Distrust between William and Phillip grew after Phillip left for Spain.
William alongside other high- ranking nobles took a stand against Philip's policies.
Nobility should have more to say in government.
Treatments of protestants.
After his lands were seized he became leader of the revolt.
1580: Declared as an outlaw by Phillip II.
Slide 7 - Diapositive
William takes a stand!
William maintained his allegiance towards King Phillip II for a long time: Quarrel was with Alba and other Spaniards who where oppressing the Dutch people without Phillip's knowledge.
WIlliam exiled by Phillip -> Game on! -> William wrote an 'appology' about why he took up arms against the king.
Slide 8 - Diapositive
In search of a new ruler
Meanwhile: Treasury of Spain was replenished ->succesfull counterattack was launched by new governer: Son of Margaret, the duke of Parma!
1578: Series of attacks on cities by Duke of Parma -> Rebellious provinces where no match -> best hope: France!
1581: States- General offered rule over Low Coutries to the duke of Anjou and renounced Phillip II as their ruler! -> failed.
1588: search for a new ruler was given up.
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Slide 10 - Diapositive
The Republic
1588: Seven provinces of Union of Utrecht established themselves as The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It had no head of state.
land's advocate/ grand pensionary of Holland (Wealthiest province) was important.
Stadtholder in the Republic was a descendant of William of Orange, most important military leader.
Slide 11 - Diapositive
War & truce
1588: Spanish Armada was hit by a storm, Phillip II lost men + money.
This enabled Stadtholder Maurice to regain control over lost terrain.
1598: Phillip died, leaving an empty Spanish treasury
1609 - 1621: Twelve Years' Truce
Slide 12 - Diapositive
Wars & Peace
Stadtholder Frederick Henry recaptured territory in North- Brabant + Antwerp: Generality Lands (= areas that remained Catholic after being conquered by the Republic, governed by States- General).
1648: Treaty of Munster: Spain agreed to recognize the Republic as an independant state.
