Absolutism

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The Time of Regents and Monarchs

3.3 Absolutism

+ disaster hits the Republic

Louis XIV (the fourteenth) was the king of France

The Sun King

Nobody could speak against an absolute King

Droit
Divin

This was due to the:

Droit
Divin

Divine right to rule (given by God)

Louis cancelled the 'Edict of Nantes'

...and took away power of
other Nobles of France

..by appointing officials

He kept the Nobility satisfied by throwing huge parties at his palace of Versailles

And further established his power by raising an immense army.

Louis was actually a small guy (1,62 m)

But with an enormous wig and high heels he appeared to be 2,13 m

What does 'Droit Divin' mean?

1. Becoming King by birth
2. Being appointed by the Pope to be King
3. The Godly right to rule
4. 'Lone ruler' in French

Does the Brittish royal family have absolute power?

1. Yes
2. Only the King/Queen, not the entire family
3. No the royal family has no power at all
4. No

Louis XIV spent 40 years and used over 35,000 workers to build the sickest palace of all time 13 miles away from Paris in Versailles

The palace had over 700 rooms (and 1 toilet)

Versailles

Main Questions

1. What was mercantilism? 

inside Versailles: the Hall of Mirrors

next slide: watch the animation about the development of Versailles

Louis spent 50 years of his reign fighting wars of agression

In 1672 he invaded the Netherlands 

Why would a country make it harder to buy things from abroad?

Who said the following? 

They take advantage of us: we earn nothing while they rake in mountains of money by selling goods to us. There is only one thing to do: there should be import tariffs to stimulate our domestic production.

Mr. Colbert reported him self at the Sun king Louise XIV in 1667.

U.S. President Donald Trump holds an executive order about tariffs increase, with  by U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick

Louis used:

mercantilism

mercantilism

mercantilism




More export

mercantilism

Than import

mercantilism

...in order to make more money

mercantilism

Than spending it

0

Wat is mercantilism ?

1. The divine right to rule
2. Taxes in France
3. The way Louis XIV ruled 17th century France
4. An economical strategy

3.3 ABSOLUTISM

King Louis XIV (14th) of France is the best known example of an 

"absolute monarch"

This means that:

1. The king's power was absolute. He could make every decision without consulting anyone.
   
2. His monarchy was divine: he was made king by God to carry out the will of God (so he claimed).
   

MERCANTILISM

• Comes from the word merchant / merchandise.
• Who? European countries
• What? rules about TRADE 
• Why?  to make their own country rich and more powerful
• How? make sure you export (sell) more goods than you import (buy).

• The colonies play an important role in this.

0

Louis XIV

• He became king at the age of four.
• He married a Spanish princess who was his first cousin
• He built the extravagant palace of Versailles
• He is known as the Sun King. His best known quote: "The state, that's me!"
• he took away the right of worship from French Protestants
• The American state Louisiana was named in his honor.

Which of the following best describes the term "mercantilism"?

1. an political system in which a country focuses on its own economy and in which import is very important
2. an economic system in which a country focuses on its own government and in which export is very important
3. an economic system in which a country focuses on its own economy and in which import is very important
4. an economic system in which a country focuses on its own economy and in which export is very important

a favorable balance of trade means:

1. import > export
2. export > import

3c) Explain that mercantilism is the opposite of commercial capitalism, used in the Dutch Republic

The Time of Regents and Monarchs

3.3 Absolutism

+ disaster hits the Republic

The Big Question

"Who should rule the Republic: the House of Orange or the States General?"

Orangist Arguments

We need a strong leader in time of war

William III has military experience

Johan de Witt is weak and only a politician

The House of Orange has helped us before

Anti-Orangist Arguments

The Republic is not a monarchy!

Power belongs to the States General

Johan de Witt brought peace and wealth

William III is too young and inexperienced

Debate structure

Preparation (10–15 min)

Opening Statements – 1 min each

Rebuttal Round – answer opponent

Final Statement – 30 sec per group

Useful Phrases

"We believe that..."

"You say that..., but..."

"Our leader is better because..."

"The Republic needs..."

"Without a Stadtholder, we are lost!"

Reading Task:

• Open paragraph 3.3 (page 68 and 69)

• Grab two pens with a different colour

• Read the goals on the board

• Start reading. Write with one pen the words you do not understand in your notebook, and with the other pen the answers to the questions on the board.

• Compare your textbook with the person next to you and find the correct answers + the meaning of the words.

Goals paragraph 3.3:

• Why the regenten of the Dutch Republic were divided in Orangists and Anti-Orangists? 

• What was the disaster that struck the Republic? 

Disaster Year 1672

struggle in the Republic:

orangists          vs           Anti-Orangists

Disaster Year 1672

struggle in the Republic:

orangists          vs           Anti-Orangists

Stadtholder                   Grand Pensionary

Prince of Orange            Johan de Witt

• Because prince William III was still very young, most power was for the Grand Pensionary.  Johan de Witt even tried to abolish the post of Stadtholder.

To do...

Join the lessonup class. (link will be shared in the chat)

Make exercises 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3

Don't forget to hand in your world map on teams.

Political struggle in the Republic

• Maurice aimed to establish a Calvinist stadtholdership,                              leading to a conflict between Orangists (pro-monarchy)                      and Anti-Orangists (pro-republic). 

• Following William II's death in 1650, the 

First Stadtholderless Period began, supported by 

Anti-Orangist Johan de Witt until the need for 

leadership arose in 1672...

Johan de Witt

Video

Watch the video and answer the questions.

Disaster Year 1672

The Republic was attacked from 3 sides:

- the Germans came from the east

- the British attacked from the west

- the French invaded from the south

Disaster Year 1672

Only a stadtholder (general) could save the Republic now. William III was appointed. 

He succesfully ended the war in 1679. 

Johan de Witt was murdered.

The Oranges now became more important...

The end of the war also marks the end of the power of the Dutch Republic

01:22

How did the political system of the Dutch Republic differ from a monarchy?

01:48

Why was Johan de Witt a controversial figure in the Dutch Republic?

02:29

What does the term “Rampjaar” mean, and why is 1672 described this way?

02:40

What events led to the public turning violently against Johan de Witt and his brother?

03:19

What can this event teach us about leadership and public trust during a national crisis?

Willem

Albert

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