Holocaust

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vmbo k, g, t, mavo, havo
• Leerjaar 2

Holocaust/ Shoah

Lesson plan

Holocaust	20 min
Break	4 min
Choose work	20 min
Closing	5 min

Antisemitism

Antisemitism has been existing for a long time

Why?

Racial theory

'There are different races and one race is better than the others'.

Hitler believed the 'Arian race' was the master race

Nuremberg Laws

1935

• These laws were meant to restrict life for Jews so much, that they would voluntarily leave Germany.

• Jews were no longer considered German citizens, and were not allowed to marry a German citizen
  

Kristallnacht

9 November 1938

• a young Jew, Herschel Grynszpan, kills a Nazi in Paris after his family was expelled from Germany. 
• Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels gives a big radio speech, after which Germans take to the streets, shatter windows of Jewish shops.
• Police was instructed not to interfere, but to arrest 'healthy Jewish males'.
  

• The way the Germans tried to get rid of the Jews evolved during the war.
  
• At the start of the war, Jews were shot by the SS right after they conquered a city or village
• Whoever wasn't killed, was moved to a ghetto: an sealed off area in a bigger city where all the Jews were put together

Conditions in the ghetto's were brutal:

• between 7 and 30 (!!!) people in a room
  
• rations: 253 kcal per Jew (2613 per German)
  

76000 people died in the Warsaw Ghetto before July 1942

The 'final solution'

• Before the war, the plan was to deport all Jews to Madagascar, but a naval blockade made that impossible. Other ideas were Palestine and Siberia
• In January 1942 the Nazi's came up with this 'endlösung' to 'the Jewish question 
• SD-leider Heydrich got instructions to use all means to murder all Jews effectively

• There were seven  extermination camps
  
• First brought together in concentration camps, Jews from everywhere in Europe were transported to these extermination camps

In The Netherlands, there were five concentration camps:

Ommen

Amersfoort

Schoorl

Westerbork

Vught

Zyklon B

• Gas used to kill Jews in the gas chambers
  
• Originally (before the war) used as a detergent
• Zyklon B exists from granules prussic acid that evaporate when in contact with oxygen. This turns into a deadly gas.

Gas chamber in Auschwitz

Women walking to the gas chamber

In order to hide all evidence, the bodies of the gassed Jews were burned in big ovens

Group A

Workbook

page 121

Exercises 1 - 6

Group B

www.plantageamsterdam.nl/

en/museums/

hollandsche_schouwburg

1. Research
   
2. Write/draw/make powerpoint
   
3. 'Do you think this is a suitable Holocaust memorial?'