Revision: The enlightenment, scientific revolution, causes of the french revolution

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• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

The Enlightenment and the French Revolution

Before the holiday

1. The Scientific Revolution
2. The Enlightenment: Liberty (Rousseau), Equality (Wollstonecraft), Rights (Locke), Separation of Powers (Montesquieu)
3. The causes of the French revolution: absolutism, the ancien regime, class society (1st, 2nd, 3rd estates), privilages

Experimentation

The Scientific Revolution

It is 1600 - you are really sick. What do you do?

1. Pray
2. Take antibiotics
3. Read a book to try and find out what is wrong
4. Give a doctor your piss

There is no real science

• The only 'science' is from Ancient Greece and Rome and is not very good
• Everybody 100% believes that God decides everthing 

It is 1600, there is a drought and there is a very bad harvest (oogst). What do you do

1. Pray
2. Find some witches and burn them
3. Get a priest to chase the devil away
4. Import new seeds that can survive droughts

Over 100,000 'witches' burnt in the 17th century

Everything is because of God (or the devil)

The Scientific Revolution

• From around 1600 a small group of people start to look differently at the world

Put the following parts of the scientific method into the correct order (1 = Observe):
Conclusion + share knowledge, Experiment, Observe, Hypothesis, Question

What part of the scientific method can you see in the picture?

The Enlightenment

• Philosophers and other thinkers started to ask questions 
• Not only about the world but also about society, people and God

Liberty

Equality

Separation of powers

Rights

Montesquieu

Locke

Wollenstonecraft 

Rousseau

Liberty

Equality

Separation of powers

Rights

Give an example of the kinds of liberties you have

Give an example of inequality in France in the 18th century

Give 2 examples of rights that you have, that your ancestors (voorouders) in the 18th century did not have

Why is it a good idea to have 'separation of powers'

The causes of the French Revolution

What is absolutism?

1. A political system where the people vote
2. A political system with a parliament
3. A political system where the king has all the power
4. A political system where the priests have all the power

Why does the king have all the power?

1. Elections
2. God gave him the power
3. The priests gave him the power
4. The nobles gave him the power

The Ancien Régime 

The political system in France before the revolution

It is made up of three estates

Which was NOT an estate in France before the revolution in 1789?

1. The Priests
2. The King
3. Everyone else
4. The Nobles

1st estate

2nd estate

3rd estate

People who pray

People who fight

People who work

The Middle Class / bourgeoisie 

Richer (e.g slave trade), well educated, read enlightenment books

No power

Why were priests the 1st (most important) estate?

In the Ancien Regime, the farmers had to do free work for the nobles and priests. What was not an example of the kind of work they had to do?

1. Pay to bake their bread
2. Have sex with the lord
3. Repair the roads
4. Work on the lord's land

Privilages

Story?

What is it about?

You and your family are part of the third estate in France in 1760. How do you feel?

😒🙁😐🙂😃

Verlichting

Ancien Regime

use your brain

class society

tolerance

democracy

equality

natural rights

power to the people

scientific experiments

privileges 

absolutism

powerful clergy

How did the Enlightenment contribute to the French Revolution?

Source Questions

1. Read the question – What are you being asked to do?
2. Is there concept I need to explain? If so, what?
3. The source – who made it, when, how does it link to the concept?
4. Find the important elements of the source that you need to answer the question.

Source Questions

What do I write?

• If necessary, explain the concept
• In the source I can see………………. / In the source I read that…………..
• This shows that………………..because………………

Statement: During the enlightenment scientists began to use a new method which led to many new discoveries. Use this source to explain this new method and why it was so different from previous centuries.

• Read the question – What are you being asked to do?
• Is there concept I need to explain?
  
• The source – who made it, when, how does it link to the concept?
• Find the important elements of the source that you need to answer the question.

Statement: During the enlightenment scientists began to use a new method which led to many new discoveries. Use this source to explain this new method and why it was so different from previous centuries.