YR3-CH11-LSN8_Drugs

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

LESSON 8

CHAPTER 11

DRUGS

KEYWORDS AND NOTES:

• ADDICTION PHYSICAL/MENTAL
• DRUGS TYPES/EXAMPLES
• DRUGS EFFECTS PHYSICAL/MENTAL
• ALCOHOL TYPES/EXAMPLES
• ALCOHOL EFFECTS PHYSICAL/MENTAL

shakes:

The jitteriness followed by a long night of drinking which usually will only stop with more drinking.

This is a sign because you can observe this as an outsider.

The shakes are a symptom of physical addiction.

Psychological addiction is tougher to break than physical addiction.

physical and psychological addiction:

Although physical and psychological addictions have characteristics that set them apart from each other, they do have a symbiotic relationship. Together, the two create a very debilitating and vicious addiction cycle that is notoriously difficult to break without professional help.

Drugs are always bad for you.

Are drugs always bad?:

Yes, drugs are bad for you, this is why they have been made illegal. Many other legalised drugs are bad for you especially while you brain is still developing (under the age of 21).

These legalised drugs include cigarettes, cannabis, mushrooms and alcohol. 

Cocaine is a stimulant.

Stimulants:

Stimulants speed up the messages between the brain and the body. This can cause:

• your heart to beat faster
• your blood pressure to go up
• your body temperature to go up — leading to heat exhaustion or even heat stroke
• reduced appetite
• agitation
• sleeplessness
• You can feel more awake, alert, confident or energetic.

Larger doses can cause anxiety, panic, seizures, stomach cramps and paranoia.

Examples include:

• amphetamines (speed and ice)
• caffeine
• cocaine
• ecstasy (MDMA — methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
• nicotine (tobacco)

Stimulants relax you brain.

Cannabis is a depressant.

Depressants relax you.

Depressants:

Depressants slow down the messages between the brain and the body — they don’t necessarily make you feel depressed. The slower messages affect:

• your concentration and coordination
• your ability to respond to what’s happening around you
• Small doses of depressants can make you feel relaxed, calm and less inhibited.

Larger doses can cause sleepiness, vomiting and nausea, unconsciousness and even death.

Examples include:

• alcohol
• benzodiazepines (minor tranquillisers such as Valium)
• cannabis
• GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)
• ketamine
• opioids (heroin, morphine, codeine)

Hallucinogens relax you.

Hallucinogens:

Hallucinogens change your sense of reality — you can have hallucinations. Your senses are distorted and the way you see, hear, taste, smell or feel things is different. For example, you may see or hear things that are not really there, or you may have unusual thoughts or feelings.

• Small doses can cause a feeling of floating, numbness, confusion, disorientation, or dizziness.
• Larger doses may cause hallucinations, memory loss, distress, anxiety, increased heart rate, paranoia, panic and aggression.
  

Examples include:

• cannabis
• ketamine
• LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
• psilocybin (magic mushrooms)
• PCP (phencyclidine)

Alcohol is always bad for you.

Alcohol is a depressant.

Alcohol affects you frontal lobe.

Ethanol (Alcohol):

As you drink alcohol, it:

• passes into your blood through the walls of the stomach and small intestine
• travels to all parts of the body including the brain
• slows down your brain and affects almost all parts your body
• affects the way you think, feel and behave.

Alcohol only takes a few minutes to reach the brain in an average, healthy person.

Your liver removes most of the alcohol in your body by breaking it down.

In the short term, drinking too much alcohol can also lead to:

• accidental injury (to yourself or others)
• being in a road accident
• deliberately harming yourself or others
• unprotected or unwanted sex
• alcohol poisoning
• hangovers.

Binge drinking (drinking a lot of alcohol in one session or a short period) can be even more harmful and risky.

HW FOR THE NEXT LESSON

• Study for the glossary quiz.
• Complete and hand in your Lab project.
• pre-study for the testweek (you will be doing a practice test)