3.1 Early Rome: presentation

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, mavo, havo
• Leerjaar 1

Lesson 3.1: Early Rome

the story of Romulus and Remus

Once upon a time, there were two brothers. The boys, named Romulus and Remus, were twins. Their parents had abandoned them as babies. A she-wolf discovered the boys in the woods and nursed them. Then, a woodsman found them and raised the twins as if they were his own.

Once grown-up, Romulus and Remus decided to found a city in the place where the wolf had found them. The brothers argued about the exact location. Suddenly, Romulus attacked Remus - and killed his brother! This is how Romulus became the first king of the new city in 753 BC. He named the city after himself: Rome.

The story of Romulus and Remus is only a legend: a story from the past that is believed in by many people, but cannot be proven. However, the actual growth of Rome is no legend. The city of Rome grew out of a number of small settlements that existed on seven hills. Nearby was a place on the River Tiber where many traders crossed. It was through trade, that Rome grew and prospered.

Romulus and Remus were cousins

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The abandoned twins were discovered by a she-wolf

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Remus killed his brother Romulus

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Romulus named the new city after his dead brother

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Romulus became the first king of Rome

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Early Rome was a monarchy

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The location of the city of Rome was not accidentally chosen.

Fill in the missing parts in the scheme to illustrate why.

Easy to defend

More traffic can mean more trade

you can see people coming

water and trade route

When you see this symbol, take your notebook and make a note:

• Summary Lesson 3.1: Early Rome.

• Rome was founded in 753 BC
• It was named after Romulus: the founder and first king.
• The story of Romulus and Remus is a legend.

From Kingdom to Republic

Early Rome was ruled by a king. He was advised by a group of wise old men, known as the Senate. The king had absolute power over the people. He was judge, leader of the army and he created laws.

According to the legend, Romulus was the first king of Rome. There were several kings of Rome: some were good, some were bad. The last king was Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, known as Tarquin the Proud. This king ruled as a tyrant. Tarquin the Proud had no respect for Roman tradition at all. So he was much hated. When his son Sextus raped a girl named Lucretia, people were furious. Lucretia was a noblewoman who was known for her virtue. This time the King and his son had gone too far. In 509 BC, a group of senators expelled Tarquin the Proud and his family from Rome. The Romans vowed never to have a king again. Instead Rome became a republic: a state without a king or emperor.

The senate was a group of silly young men

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The senate gave advise to the king

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

tarquin the Proud was the second king of Rome

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Tarquin the Proud was very popular

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Tarquin the Proud ruled like a tyrant

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Tarquin the Proud was banned from Rome in 509 BC

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The Romans never wanted a king anymore.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

a state without a king or emperor is a Republic.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

what is a good question to ask
if you need to know
if a country is a monarchy or a republic?

1. is the country a democracy?
2. does the country have a big army?
3. do the people speak the same language?
4. does the country have a king or not?

Which countries are monarchies today?

Which countries are republics today?

D. From kingdom to republic

• the king was advised by the senate.
• but the king had absolute power
• Rome was ruled by good kings and bad kings.
• Tarquin the Proud was a terrible king.
• In 509 BC he was banished from Rome.
• Rome became a republic
• a republic is a state without a king or emperor.

Rome:

then

&

now

 

cause and effect

=

oorzaak en gevolg

Use the LessonUp app on your phone.

make a picture of the score and upload it here

Senators and consuls

In the Republic, the Senate became more important. The Senate House was situated at the Forum Romanum. This was the main centre of Ancient Rome. Instead of a king, the senators appointed two leaders who ruled together. They were called consuls. Consuls only served a one-year term. Then they had to step down. Sometimes the people of Rome also had a say through meetings and elections. In emergencies, the Romans could still appoint one person as the only leader. He was dictator: a temporary single ruler with all powers of the former kings.

In the republic the senate became more important

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The senate was located in the king's palace

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The senators appointed a new king

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The leaders of the republic were called "consuls"

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

consuls were also senators

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Consuls served only for 1 year. After that the senate appointed 2 new consuls.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

In the republic there was no longer a king

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

a dictator was a leader who was appointed in times of an emergency (noodtoestand)

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

an emergency is for example:

When Rome is attacked by another country.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

an emergency is for example:

when a senator got married

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

a dictator had absolute power, just like a king

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

a dictator only ruled for a short time:
the time to deal with the emergency.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

When you see this symbol, take your notebook and make a note:

F. Senators and consuls

• in the republic the senate was important
• the senators appointed 2 consuls to rule together for 1 year.
• In times of an emergency the senate could appoint a dictator.
• a dictator had absolute power, but only temporary.
• after the emergency was over the dictator needed to step down again.

G. Rome conquers Italy

All sorts of people came to Rome. Some of them came to trade, others came because they were not welcome anywhere else. This gave Rome a surplus of men. For Rome, this surplus of men was both negative and positive.

Negative:

• There was not enough farmland for everyone to live on;
• because there was not enough farmland, there was not enough food either;
• this meant many people were hungry and discontented.

Positive:

• Rome had enough men to fight other cities;
• and so Rome was strong enough to expand;
• conquered lands and the spoils of war made Rome rich and powerful!

Rome decided to fight their neighbouring cities and expanded Roman rule. By the end of the 4th century BC, large parts of Italy were dominated by Rome.

a SURPLUS means:

1. more than you need
2. less than you need.

Rome had enough men to fight other cities.

1. POSITIVE
2. NEGATIVE

Because there was not enough farmland, there was not
enough food either.

1. POSITIVE
2. NEGATIVE

Many people were hungry and discontented.

1. POSITIVE
2. NEGATIVE

Conquered lands and the spoils of war made Rome
rich and powerful.

1. POSITIVE
2. NEGATIVE

So Rome was strong enough to expand.

1. POSITIVE
2. NEGATIVE

There was not enough land for everyone to live on.

1. POSITIVE
2. NEGATIVE

What CAUSED the positive and negative effects?

1. all answers are correct
2. Rome becoming a republic
3. Tarquin the Proud being banished
4. Rome having a surplus of men

Drag the effects to the right causes.

Rome had a surplus of men.

There was not enough land for everyone 

to live on.

By the end of the 4th century BC, large parts of Italy were dominated by Rome.

When you see this symbol, take your notebook and make a note:

G. Rome conquers Italy

• Rome had a surplus of men. This had effects:
•                     negative: 

1.                     not enough farmland
2.                     not enough food
3.                     hunger and discontent

•                     positive:

1.                     enough soldiers
2.                     strong to expand
3.                     spoils of war made Rome rich

• Rome had conquered Italy around 300 BC