repetition lesson

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Welcome!

Happy to see you today!

Take a seat and wait till we get started!

Today:

- the rules for today

- repitition of grammar rules

- answering questions

- self study time

Todays Rules

- do not distract others

- no shouting, no playing, no games

- ask me any questions you have

- use your time wisely

- study for the test or work on your task

gerund vs infinitive

gerund = skiing, swiming, walking, laughing, verb-ing

infinitive = to ski, to swim, to walk, to laugh, to [verb]

Gerund (walking)

- Used with: consider, enjoy, discuss, finish, keep, practice, quit, recommend, suggest

- When it's the subject (onderwerp) of the sentence: 

"Gardening is my favourite hobby"

- After a preposition (voorzetsel): "did you plan on calling me back?"

Infinitive (to walk)

- Used with: agree, decide, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, promise, want

- when it's the adjective (bijvoegelijk naamwoord): "I was sad to see my test score"

- With a noun (zelfstandig naamwoord) or pronoun (zelfstandig voornaamwoord): "The teacher told the students to be quiet"

adverbs and adjectives

adjectives: refer to a noun (a thing or person)

adverbs: refer to a verb (werkwoord) an adjective or another adverb

The thing with -ly

If an adverb says something about how an action is done, you put -ly behind it

"she spoke quickly"

how did she speak? quick --> quickly

Some exceptions

good -- well

fast -- fast

hard -- hard

late -- late

early -- early

daily -- daily

straight -- straight

some words can't get -ly behind it, here are the exceptions and what to put instead of adding -ly

The thing with -ly

If a verb is one of these 4 senses: taste, smell, look, feel 

pay attention! 

Try to see if it's used actively.

The rose smelled sweet/sweetly

it's not using its nose to smell, so it's Sweet.

she quick/quickly looked at the paper

she's actively using her eyes, so quickly

past simple/present perfect

If there's a time element in the past in the sentence, you can never use have/has. 

Unless the time element shows it's still going on, then you have to use have/has.

If there's no time element, use have/has

A time element is a part of the sentence that says when something happened 

Relative Pronouns

words that point back to a word or thing mentioned earlier in the sentence 

Who - Which - That - x [nothing, leave blank]

who - which - that

Who  ---> people (sometimes animals)

"The boy, who was only 10 years old, solved the murder"

Which --> things (sometimes animals)

"We had pizza yesterday, which is my favourite meal"

That --> people and things both

"Jason is the man that painted my house"

Sometimes you can leave out that and it's still understandable

When to use that

If the part of the sentence is necessary to understand the rest of it, you can use 'that'

If you can leave out the part of the sentence and the sentence still makes sense, use who or which

This sentence, which will still make sense without the underlined part, doesn't need a 'that'

We use 'that' in a sentence that would make no sense without it.

helpful links gerund/infinitive

•  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-s1gu725tA4&t=286s
• https://engelsklaslokaal.nl/oefenen-met-grammatica/overig/gerund-to-infinitive/
• https://meestergijs.nl/item/gerund-en-to-infinitive/
• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/gerunds-and-infinitives.html

helpful links adverbs/adjective

• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/adjectives-and-adverbs.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mm4znUeBNI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6KzAj7CZXQ
• https://www.kennisdelen.org/product/adjectives-adverbs-uitleg-2/

helpful links past simple/present perfect

•  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6LyGDp4QzI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgLdOI6UsJY (funny)
• https://engelsklaslokaal.nl/oefenen-met-grammatica/oefenen-met-2-tijden/simple-past-present-perfect/
• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-or-past-simple.html

helpful links relative pronouns

•  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avJiqqaHaCQ
• https://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/which_that_who.htm
• https://www.slimleren.nl/onderwerpen/engels/12.709/betrekkelijke-voornaamwoorden-(who,-which,-that,-whose,-etc.)
• https://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/whoVwhVt.asp

Good luck studying!

Don't forget to take breaks

Eat lots of snacks

You got this!