Evolution: intro & natural selection

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Evolution

Chapter 

Lesson 1: introduction into evolution & natural selection

Biodiversity

Term to describe the variety of life on earth

You can also talk about the biodiversity in an area, meaning all the life in that area

Species

A group of organisms with similar features which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring, and which are reproductively isolated from other species

Great similarity between species implies

1. Recent common ancestry
2. Remote common ancestry
3. Succesfull reproduction
4. Extinction

Binomial naming system

- Scientific name is the same across the world to avoid confusion

- Each name consists out of
two parts: genus and species 

- Only if both parts are the
same are they the same species

What is the human genus name?

1. Homo
2. sapiens
3. neanderthalensis
4. Vertebrate

Homo sapiens and Homo erectus belong to the same genus

1. True
2. False

Homo sapiens and Homo erectus belong to the same species

1. True
2. False

Give your definition of evolution

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The smallest unit that can evolve is a(n)

1. Species
2. Genotype
3. Individual
4. Population

A mutation is

1. a virus
2. caused by immigration or emigration
3. A change in an allele caused by a change in DNA
4. a result of transcription

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Darwin - Origin of species

“ As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive, and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life, will have a better chance of surviving and thus be naturally selected. From the strong principle of inheritance, any selected variety will tend to propagate its new and modified form.”

What is different between artificial selection and natural selection

1. Nothing, its basically the same
2. Natural selection has to do with survival, artificial selection not always
3. Artificial selection is dependent on nature alone, natural selection is not.
4. Natural selection is done by humans, artificial selection not

The dog breeds we have today were developed through:

1. natural selection
2. artificial selection (selective breeding)
3. sexual selection
4. acquired selection

The best description of natural selection is

1. The survival of the fittest
2. The struggle for existence
3. The reproductive succes of the members of a population best adapted to the environment
4. the overproduction of offspring in environments with limited natural resources

Darwin proposed the idea of 'survival of the fittest'. Which of the following individuals are meant by 'fittest'?

1. The individuals who live longest
2. The individuals who are the strongest
3. The individuals who get the most offspring
4. The individuals who are the biggest

What is required for natural selection to occur?

1. Variation within a species
2. Variation between species
3. No change in environmental factors

What might happen to a species if it didn't have a a lot of genetic variation to adapt to a
changing environment?

1. It might evolve into another species
2. It might change its genotype to get more variation
3. It might become a less complex species
4. It might become extinct