Chapter 3: Earthquakes and volcanoes

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

What are we going to do?

Introduction 

Explanation chapter 3 §1

Exercises

Learning goals: 

- You know the layers of the Earth

- You know what a tectonic plate is. 

- You understand the difference between an oceanic and a continental tectonic plate. 

The Earth

- The inner core is solid and very hot (5200-6200 degrees).

- The outer core is liquid. 

- The mantle is the thickest layer and this layer is solid, but can actually move over very long periods of time. 

- The crust is solid.  

Tectonic plates

The movement of the tectonic plates is called plate tectonics. 

Places where two plates meet are called plate boundaries. 

Exercises

Read paragraph 3.1 (any words you don't understand? let me know). 

Do the exercises 2 to 5. 

What are we going to do?

Repeat previous content. 

Further explanation of chapter 3 §1

Exercises

Learning goals: 

- You know the layers of the Earth

- You know what a tectonic plate is. 

- You understand the difference between an oceanic and a continental tectonic plate. 

The Earth

- The inner core is solid and very hot (5200-6200 degrees).

- The outer core is liquid. 

- The mantle is the thickest layer and this layer is solid, but can actually move over very long periods of time. 

- The crust is solid.  

Tectonic plate types

Two different plate types: 

- Oceanic plates

- Continental plates

What are we going to do?

Repeat previous content. 

Further explanation of chapter 3 §2

Exercises

Learning goals: 

- You know the three different kind of plate movements

- You can explain why earth’s tectonic plates move

- You are able to explain the effects of plate movements on the earth's surface. 

Exercises

Read paragraph 3.2 (any words you don't understand? let me know). 

Do the exercises 5 to 8. 

Oceanic plate 

Continental plate

Plate movements

Three different types of plate movements

Divergent plate boundary

Plates move away from each other and create new plate materials (basaltic rock). 

Mid oceanic ridges from space
(divergent plate boundaries)

Mid oceanic ridge in Iceland

Plate movements

Three different types of plate movements

Convergent plate boundary. 

Folding the land and creating mountains. 

Plate movements

Three different types of plate movements

Convergent plate boundary. 

Destroying the earth crust and creating volcanoes. 
(subduction)

Plate movements

Three different types of plate movements

Transform plate boundaries. 

Causing heavy earthquakes. 

Transform plate boundary

In conclusion.

The whole system 

Exercises

Read paragraph 3.2 

Correct your exercises of paragraph 3.1 

Do the exercises 1 to 4 of paragraph 3.2 

Questions? Let me know!

What are we going to do?

Repeat previous content. 

Exercise §2

Exercises workbook & correcting them

Learning goals: 

- You know the three different kind of plate movements

- You can explain why earth’s tectonic plates move

- You are able to explain the effects of plate movements on the earth's surface. 

Exercise

1. Explain why there are volcanoes in the south of Italy with geographical terms!

Use the atlas and your book as a source for your answer.

2. Give an explanation on why those volcanoes are explosive. Use the two websites, the atlas and your book as a source for your answer.

You may work in duo's. 

volcano.oregonstate.edu

https:

What are we going to do?

Repeat previous content. 

Discuss §3

Exercises workbook & correcting them

Learning goals: 

- You can explain why an earthquake takes place somehwere. 

- You can describe the effect of earthquakes. 

In conclusion.

The whole system 

Shaking earth

There's tension being build up between 2 plates that move towards each other or across each other. 

That tension releases energy in the form of shockwaves. 

--> this is an earthquake. 

Richter scale

The size of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. 

If the magnitude (size) of the earthquake is high, it is likely to cause damage. 

Effects of an earthquake

Aftershocks

Landslides

Liquefaction --> If the soil contains a lot of water, the soil starts to behave like a liquid and buildings and cars can sink into it. 

Mercalli

To measure the effects of earthquake we use the Mercalli scale. 

What are we going to do?

Repeat previous content. 

Discuss §3 & §5

Exercises workbook & correcting them

Learning goals: 

- You are able to explain the forming of a tsunami

- You know the different types of volcanoes and are able to correspond them with the different fault lines. 

Tsunami's

What do you know
about volcanoes?

Volcanoes

We find volcanoes at diverging boundaries and subduction boundaries. 

When magma exits the earth it's called an eruption. 

Composite volcanoes

These volcanoes look like very steep mountains and can be very explosive (violent) volcanoes. 

Usually you'll encouter these volcanoes near subduction zones. 

Shield volcano

Secondary effects

Lahars --> Due to the temperature of the hot ash and gas from a volcanic eruption the snow will melt and cause mudflows. 

These mudflows are called: Lahars. 

The eruptions are also able the impact the climate, if it is a large eruption. 

Hot spots

There are also volcanoes that occur at places that are not near any plate boundaries. 

We call these volcanoes hot spots. 

Get to work!

Finish the exercises of §3 and correct your answers! 

Done? 
Start with paragraph 5.