4.2 From ally to arch enemy

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

4.2 From ally to arch enemy

Learning goals

How did allies who worked together during the Second World War become enemies after the war?

How did the Cold War affect the situation in Europe?

Which conflicts increased the problems between communist and capitalist countries? 

The first tensions

Yalta Conference 1945 

during the war

Split Germany and Berlin in 4 occupation zones.

And in time elections in liberated Europe. 

Germany divided

The first tensions

Stalin agreed to the terms 

On the other hand he was setting up communist governments in the countries SU liberated. 

After the war 

Churchill tried to communist influence 

Truman replaced Roosevelt ( communist hater)

Juli 1945: de volgende bijeenkomst in Potsdam

• Het bestaan van atoomwapens werd bekend gemaakt
• 
  

Conference of Potsdam 1945

Truman tells Stalin about a-bomb. (Stalin knew) 

(arms race)

The four zones were used to confiscate goods to compensate for the war damage. 

Truman doctrine

The US would provide millitary support to countries that feared a communist takeover.

Marshallplan - 12 billion to European countries to repair war damage and a economic stimulant. 

After the First World War the US no longer wanted to intervene in Europe. Which policies confirm that the US let go of this policy after the Second World War?

Tensions rising

Stalin forbade Eastern European countries to accept money fromm the US. 

1948 West-Germany got a new currency the German mark. (cause) 

Blockade of Berlin ( effect) 

Blockade of Berlin 

Stalin every entry route in to West-Berlin

Reaction from the West?

Every three minutes a plane takes of in West-Germany 

Political changes

founding of 
* West-Germany (FRG)  

and  

* East-Germany (GDR) 

Military alliances 1949

NATO

Warschaupact  1955 from the East

The year 1949

Mao 

Tsar Bomba 

Have a look at the source. Which phrase matches this source?

Which year would you choose as the start of the development shown in the source? Explain your choice.

The results of Jalta: 3. the United Nations (UN), Oct. 24th, 1945

An international organisation, founded in 1945 to prevent future conflicts.

Causes 

"Korea had been occupied by Japan since 1910.

After World War II, the country was divided into:

North Korea: communist, supported by the Soviet Union

South Korea: capitalist, supported by the United States

The division lies at the 38th parallel

Effect

North-Korea attacked South-Korea when both countries were left alone 

The United Nations dispatched a military force (led by the US). 

The Soviet Union boycotted the UN and was absent from the vote.

China became briefly involved in the war in October 1950.

There were advocates in the US for the use of 26(!) atomic bombs (on North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union).

Effect 

The Korean War is also regarded as the only "hot" war of the Cold War.

At the ceasefire in July 1953, the borders remain the same as they were at the beginning of the war: the 38th parallel.

Officially, there is still no peace between North Korea and South Korea.