Hulpwerkwoorden

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Hulpwerkwoorden

Grammar

Leerdoelen

Ik kan in het Engels aangeven dat iemand in staat is om iets te doen, iemand toestemming heeft, dat iets mogelijk is, dat iemand gedwongen wordt en advies geven.

Vertaal:

1. I ... (kan) lift 100 pounds easily, because I'm superstrong.
2.  Our teacher said everybody ... (moet) hand in their homework in time.
3. We ... (mogen niet) go to that festival.
4. Philip ... (moet wel) be somewhere around here. I have just seen him.
5. Bob the Builder ... (kan) fix anything!
   
6. You ... (zou moeten) tell her what happened.
7. My little sister ... (hoeft niet) do the dishes, because she is too young.
8. I ... (wil best) help you, but only because you asked so nicely.
9. I think that sometimes people ... (zouden moeten) be a little bit nicer.
10. Mum ... (mag) drive a car, because she has a driver's license.

Antwoorden

1. can / am able to
2. must / has to
3. are not allowed to
4. must / has to
5. can / is able to
   
6. should
7. does not have to
8. am willing
9. should
10. is allowed to

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Can & Could

Gebruiken we om aan te geven:

Can:

• dat iemand iets kan (TT)
  I can speak Spanish.
   
• dat iets mogelijk is (TT)
  It can get quite hot in here.
  
  
• Dat je toestemming hebt (TT)
   Dad says I can come to your party.  

Could:

• Dat iemand iets kon (VT)
  I could speak Spanish as a child.
  
  
• dat iets mogelijk was (VT)
  It could get quite hot in there.
  
  
• Dat je toestemming had (VT)
  Dad had said I could come, but I forgot.
  
  
• Dat je iets had kunnen doen (VT)
  You could have called me. 

To be able to

Gebruiken we om aan te geven dat iemand in staat is iets te doen:

Alle tijden:

• Tegenwoordige tijd
  I am able to speak Spanish.
  
  
• Verleden tijd
  I was able to speak Spanish as a child. 
  
  
• Voltooide tijd
  They have been able to access your computer.
   
  
• Toekomst
  She will be able to tell you what happened.

Modale werkwoorden:

• Mogelijkheid
  He has been to Greece many times, so he may / might be able speak a little Greek.
  
  
• Zou wel zo moeten zijn
  He has played the guitar for 20 years, so he must be able to play this easy song.

Can vs to be able to

• Kunnen door elkaar gebruikt worden in TT en VT:
  I can / am able to speak Spanish.
  I could / was able to speak Spanish.
  
  
• To be able is formeler.

To be allowed to

Gebruiken we om aan te geven dat iemand toestemming heeft (gekregen):

Alle tijden:

• Tegenwoordige tijd
  I am allowed to come to your party.
   
  
• Verleden tijd
  I was allowed to come to your party, but I forgot. 
  
  
• Voltooide tijd
  They have been allowed to buy candy.
   
  
• Toekomst
  She will not be allowed to go there alone.

Modale werkwoorden:

• Mogelijkheid
  We may be allowed to skip class if we ask nicely.
   
  
• Zou wel zo moeten zijn
  His parents always let him go everywhere, so he must be allowed to come to our party. 

May & might

Gebruiken we:

bij (de vraag naar) toestemming

• You may enter.
• Might we leave our bags here? 

wanneer iets mogelijk is

• Your keys may be in your room. (redelijk zeker)
• Your keys might be in your room. (minder zeker)
• Your keys could be in your room. (minder waarschijnlijk)

Must & have to

Gebruiken we:

bij een verplichting

• You must tell her.
• You have to tell her.
• We had to hand in our homework yesterday.

wanneer iets zo moet zijn

• Your keys must be in your room. (kan niet anders)
• Your keys have to be in your room. (kan niet anders)

• Let op!
• Must gebruiken we alleen in de tegenwoordige tijd!
• Voor alle andere tijden gebruiken we have to.

Must not, don't have to & needn't

Gebruiken we:

bij een verbod

• You must not tell her!
  (het mag dus niet) 

wanneer het niet hoeft

• You don't have to tell her.
  (maar het mag wel) 

wanneer het niet hoeft

• You needn't tell her.
  (maar het mag eventueel wel) 

Should

Gebruiken we:

om advies te geven

• You should tell her.
• We should go home.

om advies te geven nadat iets gebeurd is

• You should have told her.
• We should have gone home.

Advies

Verschil in hoe dringend iets is:

wanneer het heel dringend is:

• You must / have to tell her.
  
  Het moet!

wanneer het minder dringend is:

• You should tell her.
  
  Zou je moeten doen. 

wanneer het niet heel dringend is:

• You could tell her.
  
  Zou je kunnen doen. 

Iets willen (doen)

Verschillende manieren

Willen

• I want you to bring your books with you.

Zou willen

• I would like you to bring your books with you.

best willen doen

• I don't mind bringing my book with me.
• I am willing to bring my book with me.
  
  
• Let op: 
  Don't mind wordt gevolgd door ww-ing
  
  Am willing wordt gevolgd door to + het hele werkwoord 

Dwingen

Verschillende manieren

Direct bevel

• I want you to bring your books with you.
• Our teacher wants us to do our best.

bevel gegeven / gedwongen door een ander

• He made us bring our books with us.
• Our teacher made us do our best.
  
  
• Je laat mensen hier wat doen.

Voorkeur

Heel simpel

would rather

• I would rather go home early.
• They would rather watch that new film.

Vertaal:

1. She ... (wil best) help us, if we give her money.
2. Peter ... (kan niet) come to school, because his sister is getting married.
3. Dad told me I ... (mocht niet) visit aunt May, because she had Covid.
4. I know this sounds logical, but you ... (moet niet) steal money.
5. Our teacher always says we ... (zouden moeten) study our vocabulary.
6. I have just had my keys in my hand, so they ... (moeten wel) be here.
7. I ... (liever) poke my eyes out than watching you eat your sandwich.
8. You ... (hoeft niet) tell Mike, because he already knows.

Antwoorden:

1. is willing to
2. cannot / is not able to
3. could not / was not allowed to
4. must not
5. should
6. must be / have to be
7. would rather
8. don't have to / needn't

Ik kan in het Engels aangeven dat iemand in staat is om iets te doen, iemand toestemming heeft, dat iets mogelijk is, dat iemand gedwongen wordt en advies geven.

Ja

Nog niet helemaal, maar heb geen hulp nodig.

Nog niet helemaal en wil graag hulp.

Ik snap er helemaal niets van.