2.3 The revolt breaks out

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2.3 The revolt breaks out

How did the unrest in the low countries lead to the revolt?

What do we know about the subject?

Important persons

Margareth of Parma

Duke of Alba

William of Orange

Phillips II

Important terms

Council of troubles

tenth penny

Sea Beggars

Hedge services

Iconnoclasm

Letters of marque and reprisal

Petition of nobles

Important events

• 1566: Petition of Nobles -> first hedge services 
• Summer 1566: Iconoclasm
• August 1667: Alba replaced Margaret of Parma as Governor, established the council of troubles, William of Orange fled to Dillenburg in Germany.
• 1568: William of Orange led two failed invasions into the Low countries
• 1572: William of Orange tried to invade again, The Sea Beggars captured Brielle.
• Summer 1573: Haarlem surrendered to Alba, but Alkmaar and Leiden resisted -> REvolt might have a chance. 

Videoclip (7:11- 15:28)

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From the petition of nobles to iconoclasm

Up until 1566 protestants met in secret

After petition of nobles -> Hedge services

Calvinist preachers called on their followers to seize Catholic churches filled with false idols .

Summer 1566: Iconoclasm broke out and spread through the Low Countries 

Videoclip 20:14 - 27:25

The Iron Duke

Some nobles/ stadtholders cracked down the Iconoclasm, others where more cautious.

Phillip II sent the Duke of Alba to the Netherlands to replace Margareth of Parma as governor.

Council of Troubles: Law court against the persons responsible for the Iconoclasm.

Alba was hated because his harsh politics.

William of Orange

Born a German Protestant

Raised Catholic at court by Charles V

Inherited lands in France and the Low Countries from his cousin

Richest noble in the Netherlands

Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht

War in the Low Countries

After William of Orange 's flight to Dillenburg, the council of troubles seized his assets.

William of Orange asked the Holy Roman Emperor for help and borrowed money from protestant German rulers to hire mercenaries.

In 1568 he led two attacks which failed. He tried aggain in 1572 and failed, but then got lucky by giving letters of marque and reprisal to Sea Beggars who captured Brielle on April 1st. 

After this the provinces of Zeeland and Holland sided with William of Orange.

 

War in the Low Countries (2)

Alba hoped to get money by introducing an ten per cent taxation on every product sold: The tenth penny -> failed due to too much resistance. His taxation spurred towns to join in with the Revolt.

Alba strikes back

Alba responded with an iron fist, sacking cities such as Zutphen and Naarden -> Increased hatred towards the Spanish -> growing sence of unity among the provinces. => Growing resistance against the Spanish. 

How did the unrest in the low countries lead to the revolt?

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