H5 grammar repetition part 1: Adjectives and adverbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 5

H5: Adjectives and adverbs

What were they again?

And how do you use them properly?

Adverb or adjective?:
Believe me, he truly loves you.

1. adverb
2. adjective

Adverb or adjective?:
Sheila was the cleverest girl in school.

1. adverb
2. adjective

Adverb or adjective?:
Take an umbrella, it is raining heavily already.

1. adverb
2. adjective

Adverb or adjective?:
They spoke quietly because the baby was asleep.

1. adverb
2. adjective

Adverb or adjective?:
I had a terrible headache this morning.

1. adverb
2. adjective

So write down:

1. What makes something an adverb? 
2. Is there anything you have noticed about the formation of an adverb?
3. What makes something an adjective? 
4. Is there anything you have noticed about the formation of an adjective?

Adjective (bijv. naamwoord)

Adjectives are words that can be added to a noun or pronoun to describe it. Adjectives can come before nouns or after linking verbs.

• Before the noun:
  He dropped the hot plate.  /   What a beautiful view! 
• After a linking verb:
  He seems tired.  /   The weather became cold. 

Linking verbs are verbs like 'be', 'become' and 'seem' which are not actions but instead link the subject to an adjective, noun or phrase that gives us more information about the subject. To be, to seem, to become are always linking verbs. Others are: act, appear, feel, get, go, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

Adverb (bijwoord)

Adverbs are used to describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They are often (but not always) made by adding 'ly' to the adjective: 

- Careful (adjective): He is always careful.

- Carefully (adverb): She put the glasses down carefully. 

If the adjective ends in 'y', we change 'y' to 'i' and add 'ly'. If the adjective ends in 'le', we drop 'e' and add 'y'.

- Happy (adjective): She looks very happy.

- Happily (adverb): He sang happily.

- Gentle (adjective): It's a gentle cat.

- Gently (adverb): He stroked the cat gently.

Adverb (bijwoord)

However, there are some exceptions.

1. Fast (adjective): That's a fast car.
   Fast (adverb): She walks fast. 
2. Early (adjective): She was early for the meeting.
   Early (adverb): He arrived early. 
3. Late (adjective): He is always late!
   Late (adverb): He got up late this morning ('lately' is also an adverb but means 'recently'). 
4. Good (adjective): That is a good book.
   Well (adverb): She did well on the exam ('well' can also be an adjective). 
5. Hard (adjective): Maths is hard!
   Hard (adverb): She tried hard ('hardly' is also an adverb, but means 'almost none').

Adverb (bijwoord)

There are also some adjectives that end in 'ly' and don't have an adverb form. Instead we use 'in a ---way'. These are friendly, lovely, lonely, lively, and silly: He talked to me in a friendly way. 

Good / well

'Well' can be confusing because it is both the adverb form of 'good', and an adjective that means 'healthy and fine'.

     My mother is well ('well' is an adjective that means 'healthy and fine').

     He did the work well ('well' is an adverb meaning 'in a good way').

Of course, we also use 'good' as an adjective.

    This meal is good!

    He can speak good German.

Adverb (bijwoord)

Hard / hardly

'Hard' is both an adjective and an adverb.

      The table is hard (= adjective, meaning 'not soft' or 'difficult').

      She works hard (= adverb, meaning 'with a lot of effort').

'Hardly' is also an adverb, but it means 'almost nothing' or 'almost none'.

     She hardly works (= she does almost no work).

      I have hardly any money (= I have almost no money).

Late / lately

'Late' is an adjective and an adverb. There is also an adverb 'lately', which means 'recently'.

      I'm late (= adjective, meaning 'not on time').

     He came late (= adverb, meaning 'not on time').

     I've been working a lot lately (= an adverb meaning 'recently').

Comparisons

We make the comparative and superlative of adjectives by adding either '-er / -est' or using 'more / most': 

She is tall.
  /  She is taller than her sister.   /  She is the tallest person in the class.

He is careful.  /  He is more careful than her.  /  He is the most careful person I know.

We make the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs by using 'more / most'.

She sang loudly.
  /  She sang more loudly than her friend.  /  She sang most loudly in the class.

Difference between adjective and adverb

An adjective tells us more about a noun.

Examples:

He bought an expensive car last week. - We describe a thing.

Her friend Zoe is a clever girl. - We describe a person.

They live in an old house. - How is the house? Asking for a thing.

An adverb tells us more about a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

Examples:

He talked nervously. - We describe an action.

It was extremely cold. - We describe a situation.

They always walk quickly. - How do they walk? Asking for an action.

Exercise 1: adverb or adjective

The coffee turned cold
before we could drink it.

1. adverb
2. adjective

I fully realise what a mess I have made.

1. adverb
2. adjective

The fog is so dense, you can't see anything.

1. adverb
2. adjective

He looked at me strangely but I had no idea why

1. adverb
2. adjective

Those socks smell terrible. You ought to change them.

1. adverb
2. adjective

Exercise 2: application

Complete the sentences with an adjective or adverb.

1. Lucy is shy, so she cannot make friends ........ (easy) 
2. The dog looked at us ...... , so we gave him some food. (hungry) 
3. There was long applause because she sang ........ (beautiful) 
4. I asked her why she was ........ , but she didn't tell me. (sad) 
5. Mary waited ............. in the doctor's waiting room (patient).
6. My aunt is a ........  driver. (slow) 
7. Was the exercise ......... to do? (easy) 
8. He could ............. swim across the river. (easy) 
9. The soup tastes really ...........  . (good) 
10. She is a ......... tennis player, but her brother plays  ......... (bad / good)

Answers

1. Lucy is shy, so she cannot make friends ........ (easy) easily
2. The dog looked at us ...... , so we gave him some food. (hungry) hungrily
3. There was long applause because she sang ........ (beautiful) beautifully
4. I asked her why she was ........ , but she didn't tell me. (sad) sad
5. Mary waited ............. in the doctor's waiting room (patient).  patiently
6. My aunt is a ........ driver. (slow)   slow
7. Was the exercise ......... to do? (difficult)  difficult
8. He could ............. swim across the river. (easy) easily
9. The soup tastes really ........... . (good) good
10. She is a ......... tennis player, but her brother plays ......... . (bad / good)  bad/well

Exercise 3: application

Fill in the correct adjective form of the word given (Use of English) 

Kingsley Manor is a ________ (LUXURY) residence, situated in the ________  (PICTURE) Kent countryside. It is also of ________  (CONSIDER) ________  (HISTORY) interest as it was built in the 17th century. The ________  (BEAUTY) gardens and ________ (STYLE) interior make it a highly  ________ (DESIRE) home for a ________  (WEALTH) businessperson. The ________ (FINANCE) burden of running a place like this is  ________ (ASTRONOMY), so only those with an enormous bank account should ask for further information.

Answers

Kingsley Manor is a LUXURIOUS residence, situated in the PICTURESQUE Kent countryside. It is also of CONSIDERABLE HISTORICAL interest as it was built in the 17th century. The BEAUTIFUL gardens and STYLISH interior make it a highly DESIRABLE home for a WEALTHY businessperson. The FINANCIAL burden of running a place like this is ASTRONOMICAL, so only those with an enormous bank account should ask for further information.

Further practice:

Watch the video if you are still having trouble with understanding adverbs and adjectives.

Go to these websites to practice some more:

https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-quizzes/adjective-adverb.htm

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/adjective_adverb/adjective-and-opposites1.htm

https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/adjective-adverb6.htm

https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/adjective-or-adverb.htm

End of class

• Note down what you still need to do for this week (see schedule) and make sure you make a plan for your literature assignment.
• Ask any questions you have.
  
• Pack your bags and take all trash with you. You are mature enough to pick up after yourselves.
  
• Clean your tables! We still live with Covid-19 and we must care for our fellow students and teachers. It only takes a minute if we work together.
  
• See you next lesson, be safe!