YR3-K16-LSN1

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

PLAN FOR TODAY:

• Discuss test
• CHECK POINTS
  
• START NEW CHAPTER 16
• NOTES
• IN CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

DISCUSS THE TEST:

• READ ALONG
• ONLY A COLOURED PEN OR PENCIL
• COMPLETE THE REFLECTION FORm ON CLASSROOM 

CHAPTER 16

INHERITANCE

GRADES CHAPTER 16:

• entry tickets (0)
• glossary quiz (0)
• project 2X
• Testweek test 4X

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LEARNING GOALS LESSON 1:

• I know what chromosomes are, what they do and what they are made of. 
• I know what genes are and I can explain what they do. 
• I know what the different types of cell division are and what the main differences are.
• I understand the terms replication, translation & transcription and I can explain in detail in what order they happen and what the differences are.

KEYWORDS LESSON 1:

• DNA
• GENES
• CHROMOSOMES
• CHROMATIDS
• NUCLEOTIDES
• HAPLOID
• DIPLOID
• REPLICATION
• TRANSLATION
• TRANSCRIPTION
• MEIOSIS
• MITOSIS
• m-RNA

Where can we find genes?

Genes 

Parents pass on their genes to their offspring 

- Sperm nucleus carries father's genes 

- Egg nucleus carries mother's genes

Fertilisation: sperm nucleus + egg 

The material of inheritance

Human body cells:

- 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs

- 2 chromosomes of  each kind

= DIPLOID cells

Sex cells:

- pair 23: XY = male, XX = female

- 23 chromosomes, no pairs 

= HAPLOID Cells

The material of inheritance

Chromosome amount

Haploid vs diploid

What's a gene?

= a segment of DNA within the chromosome

that carries genetic information

What is DNA?

= DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): long doublehelix molecule that contains genes 

A DNA molecule is made of thousands of units named nucleotides (A,T,C,G)

Nucleotide structure

• A phosphate 
• A sugar 
• A base 

2 nucleotide strands build up the DNA double helix

ribonucleic acid

Nucleotides

Bases will pair up and connect through hydrogen bonds

Replication and making proteins

• Replication: makes RNA from DNA
• Transcription: makes mRNA from DNA
• Translation: makes proteins from mRNA

Replication

1. Hydrogen bonds break

2. Double helix --> single helix

3. New nucleotides align (C to G, A to T)

4. 2 Double strands are formed

Making proteins - transcription

messenger-RNA (mRNA) makes a copy of the bases 

Making proteins - translation

1. mRNA copy leaves the nucleus through pores 

2. copy travels to ribosomes

3. ribosomes read the copy

Translation

4. transfer-RNA (tRNA) carries the right amino-acids 

5. amino acids 

--> PROTEIN CHAIN

Cell divison

- Mitosis: all cells except sex cells

- Meiosis: sex cells

Mitosis

Mitosis

When? 

- Growth: wound healing, baby growth, asexual reproduction,.. 

Result? 

- 2 identical daughter cells 

- Diploid number 

Meiosis

Meiosis

Meiosis

When? 

- forming sex cells (gametes)

Result? 

- chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid

- genetically different cells

Mitosis vs meiosis

ASSIGNMENTS FOR LESSON 1:

• START AT THE LEVEL THAT APPLIES TO YOU
• THEY MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE THE NEXT LESSON
• FIRST 10 MINUTES IN SILENCE, THEN YOU CAN DISCUSS AND ASK QUESTIONS

Summary of the day:

• What did you learn today?
• What do you think you need to write down?

HOMEWORK FOR LESSON 2:

• COMPLETE THE LESSONUP HW FOR LESSON 2 
• STUDY THE WRTS LISTS OF LESSON 1 & 2
• STUDY FOR THE ENTRY TICKET
• COMPLETE THE IN CLASS ASSIGNMENTS OF LESSON 1