15/11 The Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

• Chemistry
• Secondary Education
• Age 12,13

Atomic Structure

Topic 5 Atoms, Elements, Compounds 

15 November 2023

• State the relative charges and relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron
• Define proton number/atomic number as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
• Define mass number/nucleon number as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

My Goals Today:

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Diagrams

• Draw the structure of sodium atom using the planetary model.

Review

Discussion Forum

• Since the size of the atoms is too tiny and we cannot compare their masses with conventional units, what unit do we use instead?
• What is one relative atomic mass equal to?
• Using this in q2, what mass of hydrogen is equal to carbon-12 atom?
• What are the relative masses and charges of the sub-atomic particles in an atom?

Atomic Mass Unit

Masses and Charges

Structure of the Atom

Proton number (a.k.a Atomic Number, Z)

• the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass number (a.k.a. Nucleon Number, A)

• the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom

Definition of Terms

Simulating the Atomic Structure

Simulating the Atomic Structure

T O  D O:

• Listen carefully to Mr. Russel's instructions.
• Open a tab for the online simulation.
• Build the mentioned atom using the online simulation.
• Let your classmates check your atoms.

ACTIVITY 01

phet.colorado.edu

Simulating the Atomic Structure

T O  D O:

• Listen carefully to Mr. Russel's instructions.
• Open a tab for the online simulation.
• Build the mentioned atom using the online simulation.
• Let your classmates check your atoms.

ACTIVITY 01

P (proton number) = Z (atomic number)

N (neutron number)

E (electron number)

A (mass number) = P + N

In symbols and equation,

The Atomic Notation

Calculating the number of sub-atomic particles

T O  D O:

• Listen carefully to Mr. Russel's instructions.
• Complete the table by calculating the missing number of sub-atomic particles in each atom.

ACTIVITY 02

Atomic Structure

Topic 5 Atoms, Elements, Compounds 

15 November 2023

• Determine the electronic configuration of elements and their ions with proton numbers 1 to 20, e.g. 2,8,3
• State that:
• (a) Group VIII noble gases have a full outer shell
• (b) the number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number in Groups I to VII
• (c) the number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number

My Goals Today:

Electron shell diagrams

• using the planetary model (Bohr's Model)

Electronic structure

• using numbers / notation

Ways to illustrate the structure of an atom

Electron Shell Diagram

Examples - ESD

Hydrogen.                            Helium.                           Lithium.

Examples - ESD

Beryllium.                            Boron.                           Carbon.

Electronic structure

• using numbers / notation

Second Way to illustrate the structure of an atom

Atom (Neutral: 0)

• when P = E

Ion (Charged: +/-)

• when P is NOT EQUAL to E

Atom vs. Ion

Determining the electronic configuration

T O  D O:

• Listen carefully to Mr. Russel's instructions.
• Complete the table by filling in the missing information.

ACTIVITY 03

Type two things you learned today.