1.3/1.4

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1.3/1.4

- You can explain how the emergence of agriculture affected people's lives. 

- You can explain how cities developed in Mesopotamia.

- You can explain how a well- organized state developed in Egypt.

Write down

All you know about the age of hunters and farmers

Reading

Read Agricultural revolution (page 16, coursebook). 

Write down the 3 effects you can find of the agricultural revolution in your Notebook. Write it down like this:

Effects Agricultural revolution:

1.

2. 

3.

Also explain what agricultural revoltution is.

Agricultural revolution

- Neolithic Age/ Late Stone Age = period in wich agriculture was discovered. The change from hunting/ gathering to agriculture = agricultural revolution.

Cause:

- 10.000 BC in the Fertile crescent: Crop farming + livestock farming 'invented'= agriculture --> less need to hunt and gather.

Effects:

- Farmers settled permanently near the farm in one place, villages started to form.

- People started building solid dwellings

- Change in tools --> Ploughs, ceramic pots

- People started building grave monuments and temples

- The development of Hierarchy

Linear Pottery culture

5.300 BC: first farmers settled in the Netherlands in South Limburg --> fertile loess soil.

Villages appeared. Farmers made pots from river clay ==> Linear pottery culture.

Culture: group of people who share the same customs and make objects in similar styles.

Grave gifts were placed in graves of important farmers and indicate that the farmers participated in trade.

Why are grave gifts of farmers an important source for us?

How do you recognize this is a picture about the early farmers?

Name three effects of the agricultural revolution.

How did the agricultural revolution affected peoples lives?

Irrigation agriculture

Because of the warmer and drier climate in North Africa and the Near East after the ice age farmers watered artificially using irrigation agriculture.

In every village a succesful farmer took charge of the organisation --> Hierarchy.

Harvests exceeded needs --> populaiton grew

As there were enough workers in the field, some people focused on other activities: building/ smithing/ making clothes ==> Craftsmen.

Craftsmen stayed in the same place --> first cities developed in Mesopotamia.

City = small area where many people live together.

Harvests exceeded needs --> populaiton grew

As there were enough workers in the field, some people focused on other activities: building/ smithing/ making clothes ==> Craftsmen.

Craftsmen stayed in the same place --> first cities developed in Mesopotamia.

City = small area where many people live together.

A Well- Organized state

Cities in Egypt started working together between 3500 and 3000 BC -> 2 counties:

1. Lower Egypt

2. Upper Egypt

3000 BC. Leader of Upper Egypt seized power => Pharaoh (= leader of old Egypt, made laws).

Egypt became a state (a region with borders that is ruled by one government).

The pharaoh was helped by officials (= people who work for the government).

Governing Egypt was difficult. Rules, laws and agreements needed to be remembered => Hieroglyphics.

Explain how cities developed in Mesopotamia.

Explain how a well- organized state developed in Egypt.