Grammar repetition unit 3 and 4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Repetition unit 3 and 4

Grammar

What are we going to talk about?

-Past simple

-Past continuous

-Articles

-Prepositions in time expressions

-Expressions of quantity

Past tenses

Used to describe moments and periods of time in the past. 

When Andrea arrived at work at 9:00 ...

... her secretary had opened the post.

.... her secretary was opening the post.

... her secretary opened the post. 

Past simple

Form is the same for all people.

I / you / we / they / he / she / it + verb + ed / irregular verb

He left at three o'clock. 

They arrived three weeks ago.

She didn't finish on time yesterday. 

I didn't visit my parents last weekend. 

What time did the train leave?

Past simple: use

1. Express a finished action in the past.

We met in 2000. 

I went to Manchester last week.

2. Actions that follow each other in a story.

Mary walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully. She heard a noise coming from behind the curtain. 

3. A past situation or habit.  

When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the sea. 

I used to walk the dog every day. 

Past Continuous

Was / were + verb + ing

I was learning French. 

They were driving to Paris.

We weren't waiting for a long time.

What were they doing?

Where was he studying?

Past continuous: use

1. Express activities in progress before, and probably after a particular time in the past:

I woke up at seven o'clock because you were making so much noise. 

2. for discriptions:

Rosa looked beautiful. She was wearing a green cotton dress and her make-up was looking really well done. 

3. To talk about an interrupted / incomplete activity. 

We were playing tennis when it started to rain. 

I was reading a book last night. 

Expressions of quantity

= saying how much of something there is.

Some and any

Much and many

A few and a little

Count nouns and uncount nouns

Count nouns: nouns you can count / has a singular and plural form:

 For example: apple, car, dollar, loaf, stamps, chair, book, jobs.

Uncount nouns: nouns that do not have a plural form.

For example: water, money, salt, bread, anger, work, help, news, information.

Usually these words fall into one of four categories: substances, feelings, activities or abstract ideas (such as fun, beauty)

The difference between some and any

The words some and any are used when the speaker cannot specify or does not need/want to specify a number or an exact amount. 

Some is used for positive sentences.

Any is used for questions and negative sentences.

I got some nice presents for Christmas this year.

Did you catch any fish?

Much and many

Uncount nouns: much

How much water is left?

How much bread did you buy?

Count nouns: many

How many apples did your mom buy?

How many of the students understood the lesson?

A little and a few

A little is used for uncount nouns.

A little water, a little sugar.

A few is used for count nouns. 

A few shoes, a few pencils, a few books

Let's see how much we remember. 

How many articles are in the following sentences?

The brown dog is lying on the floor in the corner of the room. It has a red collar and is eating a steak. It has a ripped-up toy laying next to it. 

Articles

Articles are placed before a noun,   In English we know two types of articles: THE (definite article) and A or AN (both INdefinite articles)

Examples: 

The book is on this shelf is mine.

I’d rather eat  a pear than an apple.

Definite article use

We use the definite article when the reader or listener understands which thing we're talking about because:

1. We've introduced it already. "The man rubs his head and says, 'Ouch! Where'd that bar come from?'"

2. There is only one in existence that matters. "We visited the Sistine Chapel when we were in Rome."

3. We describe exactly which one we're talking about. "Let's open the Chardonnay that Pam and Dale gave us for our anniversary."

Indefinite article

We use the indefinite article (a / an) when: 

1.  We talk about a thing which is new, unknown, or introduced to a listener for the first time. 

" I need a new phone" 

2.  We don't care which one exactly and talking about something in general. 

Example: I started reading a really good book yesterday. 

The articles a/an

 A is put before closed sounds: the consonants.

a pet               a teacher           a bycicle

a car                  a door               a room

 

The articles a/an

An is used for a noun with an open sound: the vowels

an ear            an investigation         an officer

an apple            an Englishman          an answer

 

ATTENTION!

So, the choice od a or an is not what you read on paper, but the sound you hear.

Sometimes you see a noun starting with -h.  However, it is not pronounced! Then you put the article AN before it:  AN hour, The -h is not pronounced(‘our)

 

More examples

 hour  

honour 

 university 

uniform 

 European 

https:

How many did you get right?

https:

How many did you get right?

https:

How many did you get right?

I know how to make the past simple and when to use it.

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.

I know how to make the past continuous and when to use it.

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.

I know when to use an, a and the

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.

I know what count nouns and uncount nouns are.

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.