4.5 Roman-Germanic contacts

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4.5 Roman-Germanic contacts

Before the arrival of the Romans, the Netherlands....

• A harsh area of swamps and forests.
  
• A agricultural society
• In the Southern Netherlands the Celts lived
  
• Germanic people live in the northern netherlands

Succescriteria

You can explain:

•  how Romans and people of the south of the Netherlands treated each other
  
•  how the Rhine became the northern border of the empire
  
•  what influence the Romans had on life in the south of the Netherlands
  
• how the Western Roman empire ended
  

Characteristic aspect: the spread of Greco-Roman culture and the confrontation (clash) with Germanic culture

Romans in the Netherlands

The Celts were subdued by Julius Ceasar, after a revolt the Romans ask Germanic Batavians to settle in the area between the Maas and Rhine rivers. 

The Rhine as border

Germanic tribes are too strong for the Romans. Roman expansion comes to an end The Rhine becomes the border of the empire. The Romans form an alliance with the Batavians.

Limes:

• Limes: fortified northern border of the Roman Empire.
• Why?: Easy to defend an to transport goods.
• Romans built forts along the Rhine to protect the border.

Why did the Limes (Rhine) become the border of the Roman Empire?

Romanisation

Romanisation in the Netherlands ( and Gaul ;):

Thanks to the Roman influence, an agricultural-urban society with a money economy formed in the south of the Netherlands

Explanation: A German invites a Roman to his home

(Use this image for the next question)

Why does the image fit with romanisation?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Batavians settled in the Netherlands

The Celts rebelled

The Celts were murdered, expelled or deported by the Romans.

Romans conquered southern Netherlands 

Romans asked Germanic people to settle in the area.

Read 4.5

Complete exercises 1 to 8

395 AD. Split of the empire

The Western-Roman empire

•  Language: Latin
• Capital: Rome
• Many fights over the power in Rome
• Ends in: 476 AD
  

The Eastern-Roman empire

• Language: Greeks
• Capital: Constantinople (now: Istanbul)
  
• Ends in: 1453 AD. (Byzantine Empire)

The end.... 

Causes:

• infectious diseases reduce the number of people living in the country, which in turn reduces production and trade. (Example: Coronavirus and China now)
• Migrations.
• Bad emperors who are mainly concerned with their own quarrels (civil wars) and with feasts
• The limes is being neglected
• Germanic peoples succeed in invading the empire by force.

Great migrations

The real end

Vandals --> plunder the city of Rome several times.

In 476 AD, a non-Roman general becomes emperor, with this we (history people) consider that the end of the Roman Empire has come.

What is NOT a cause of the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

1. Pandemics
2. Migration
3. Decreasing amount of soldiers
4. A border conflict with Germanic tribes

Slag bij Teutoburgerwoud (9 n.C.)

De Romeinen hebben heel het Nederlandse grondgebied veroverd

1. Waar
2. Niet waar

Hoe noemen we het overnemen van de Grieks-Romeinse cultuur?

1. Limes
2. Pax Romana
3. Romanisering
4. Imperium