Recap grammar

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Recap grammar

Topic for today

Prefixes and suffixes

Future tense

Passive voice

Explanation (1)

Prefixes and suffixes are sets of letters that we add to the beginning of a word (prefix) or at the end of the word (suffix). They change the meaning of the word.

Prefixes (1)

Non– / un– / im– / il– / in– / ir– all give an opposite meaning to the word.

Examples:

1. profit --> Non-profit
2. Used --> Unused
3. Legal --> Illegal

Prefixes (2)

Re- means again, back or in response to when added in the beginning of a word.

• Turn --> Return
• Play --> Replay
• Visit --> Revisit

Prefixes (3)

Mis– is used to give a word a negative meaning when added to the beginning of a word.

Communication --> 

Dis– is also used to give a word an opposite or negative meaning.

Like --> 

Suffixes (1)

–er: You already know this suffix to create a comparative. It can also be used for a person or thing that does an action.

• fast – faster
  
• slow – slower
• win – winner
• teach -- teacher

Suffixes (2)

–ness is used to turn an adverb/adjective into a noun.

Happy --->

Kind --> 

Suffixes (3)

–ing behind a word is used for a product, material or a verb turned into a noun.

Adding –ment behind a word also changes a verb into a noun.

Examples: 

1. The painting was sold for a million pounds.

2. The payment went through.

The passive voice 

The passive voice 

We use the passive when the action is more important than the object/person who did that

Active: 

I cleaned the car

Passive: 

The car was cleaned (by me) 

Active

The subject performs an action 

My boyfriend plays the guitar 

Passive 

The subject is receiving/undergoing an action

The guitar is played by my boyfriend

Passive voice

Quite popular in news episodes 

In the passive voice it is not that important WHO did the action, the action/the result is most important 

How do you form a passive sentence? 

The passive 

You must be able to change an active sentence into a passive one. 

You have 3 steps: 

1. Change the object into the subject

2. Add a form of 'to be' 

3. Add a past participle 

Future tense 

Present simple future -> Something is according to a schedule.

The train leaves at 10. 

Will / shall -> Offers, promises, predictions. 

I think it will rain tomorrow

Am/are/is + going to + infinitive -> plans without arrangements.

I am going to be nicer to my sister. 

Future tense II 

Present continuous future -> plans with arrangements 

We are having dinner at fratelli at 6 o'clock.