2.3 America before Columbus

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

Discovery and conquest

§ 2.2| The European Expansion begins

Which two European countries were the first to engage in overseas expansion?

1. The Dutch Republic and England
2. The Dutch Republic and Spain
3. France and Portugal
4. Portugal and Spain

Use the four sentences (A-D). Choose the two correct sentences.

1. European expansion started around 1600.
2. The Portuguese discovered a sea route to buy their own spices in Southeast Asia.
3. The English were searching for a sea route to the west and discovered America.
4. Spain and Portugal divide the world trade.

Name (at least) 2 reasons for the voyages of discovery of the Europeans

Homework 2.1 and 2.2

2.1 - Question 1

1a and 1c

Correct statement

Incorrect statement

Under Charles V, the Spanish empire consisted of Spain, the Netherlands, Austria and other territories in Central Europe, Italy and South and central America.

Charles V, his brother Ferdinand and his son Philip II were part of the Habsburg family.

In 1580 Philip II ruled Austria as emperor

In 1580, Charles' brother ferdinand ruled, among other, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands

After Charles V, the Habsburg monarchs of the Spanish empire and Austria both fought the Ottoman power

Correct statement

Incorrect statement

The Ottoman sultans had secular and religious power in their empire.

The Ottoman sultans used the title of caliph and viuwed themselves as the leader of all Muslims.

The Ottomans copied the crescent moon as the symbol of Islam from the Arabs.

The Ottomans tried to conquer Vienna but failed.

In 1580 the Ottoman empire consisted of the Balkans, Anatolia and all territories along the eastern and southern Mediterranean.

Question 2 - What's the difference between 'change' and 'continuity'?

2.2 - Question 4

What can be proved according to source 6?

Correct statement

Incorrect statement

The Portuguese wanted to conquer India.

Arab merchants near India had trouble with Portuguese

The Portuguese used violence in their expansion in Asia.

The Portuguese forced Asian monarchs to trade.

What questions do you like to discuss more?

2.3 America before Columbus

Learning goals

In this paragraph you will learn:

•  which types of societies formed in America.
  
•  which civilisations there were.

What have been the short and long term consequences of the arrival of the Europeans for (a part of) the indigenous population?

What have been the short- and long-term consequences of the arrival of the Europeans for (a part of) the indigenous population?

Do you think the government of American countries should be held accountable for the position of the indigenous people today?

Yes

No

Do you think that the government of American countries should give special rights to the indigenous people?

Yes

No

Read 2.3 

Exercises: 1 to 5 

People in America

Via Alaska from Asia. 

Then spread across the entire continent.

Developing many different cultures.

How did the Indians live?

The inhabitants (Indians) that Columbus met in the Bahamas were living in a simple agricultural society.

In mainland America, however, things were different.

How did the Indians live?

Far North (present-day Canada): hunter-gatherers

North (current USA): agricultural societies with bison hunting and fishing on open grassy plains (prairies)

Central and South America: highly developed agricultural urban societies with cities/temples and palaces

Which nations lived in Central and South America before the arrival of the Europeans?

Three major agricultural urban societies

The Maya in Central America in dozens of city-states.

The Empire of the Aztecs in the Valley of Mexico.

The Inca Empire in the Andes Mountains in Cities.

Why did Columbus call the Native Americans "Indians"?

Think why Columbus thought Native Americans were "just like beasts."

Any questions so far?

Machu Picchu - Peru

Plateau used for ceremonial purposes, built 1000 and 800 years BC. (Volkskrant, 2020)