Cette leçon contient 14 diapositives, avec diapositives de texte et 1 vidéo.
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Chapter 4
4.1 from manual work to machines
Welcome!
Slide 1 - Diapositive
At the end of this lesson...
You can explain what industrialization involves.
You can name the main causes of the Industrial Revolution.
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Planning
What do you know already? (+- 10 min)
Explanation (+- 20 min)
Brisk! (15 min)
Slide 3 - Diapositive
Cottage industry
To avoid the high prices of guilds, businesses started using workers in the countryside.
These farmers earned some extra money by making woollen cloth in their homes
Work that people do at home for a business owner in order to earn some extra money.
Slide 4 - Diapositive
England
Around 1700
Powerful country with a huge empire that stretched across the world.
The population of England is growing, which means more clothing is needed.
Much clothing is made from cotton, picked by slaves on plantations, and wool.
Cottage industry gradually started to disappear, because they couldn't meed the demands.
The British Empire around 1700
Slide 5 - Diapositive
Shuttle
1733
To make clothes faster, you need to be able to weave faster.
The Englishman John Kay invented the shuttle. With this you can weave much faster than by hand.
The shuttle was not yet a real machine: it was operated by hand.
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Spinning Jenny
1764
If you can weave faster, you also need more thread.
With the Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves you could spin 8 and later 16 threads at a time
Slide 7 - Diapositive
Slide 8 - Vidéo
Large factories had one gigantic water wheel that drove lots of spinning machines or weaving machines.
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Steam engines were able to drive spinning and weaving machines from around 1790
Slide 10 - Diapositive
Industrial Revolution
1750-1900
The arrival of machines changes the way people produce: from manual to mechanical
We call this change the industrial revolution.
Not only did the method of production change enormously: the arrival driven by steam also brought about major changes in the transport of people and goods.
Big changes in Western Europe due to the rise of factories and new means of transport at the end of the eighteenth century and in the nineteenth century.
Slide 11 - Diapositive
From small-scale manual production in the cottage industry...
...to large-scale machine production in factories
Slide 12 - Diapositive
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Agriculture improved in the eighteenth century, which made the British population grow.
The number of workers increased (urbanisation)
Cheap raw materials (such as cotton) were available from the colonies.
Great Britain had large deposits of coal and iron ore. That meant the fuel for the steam engines was cheap.
