CEN1 grammar overview units 6 and 7

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Welcome!

Overview of all the grammar from Units 6 and 7

Grammar topics

- Talking about the future (be going to  and will) ~p. 74 and p. 138

- Ability: can/could + possibility: can ~p. 86 and p. 140

- Obligation: have to/had to ~p. 88 and p. 140

- Requests ~p. 89

Future

1. Be going to

- To talk about intentions (plans) 

- To talk about things we have decided to do

2. Will

- To talk about predictions (voorspelling)

- To talk about things we think/ know will happen

https://engelsklaslokaal.nl/oefenen-met-grammatica/toekomende-tijd/future-simple/

Future (how to use it)

1. Be going to

am/ is/ are + going to + verb                      She is going to sleep.

> add 'not' with negative                             She is not going to sleep.

> change the order with questions         Is she going to sleep?

Future (how to use it)

2. Will

will + verb                                                           It will rain later today.

> use won't (will not) with negative       It won't rain later today.

> change the order with questions        Will it rain later today?

Future questions and short answers

1. be going to

Is she going to sleep?                           Yes, she is./ No, she isn't.

Are you and Charles leaving?            Yes, we are./ No, we aren't.

Are you happy?                                         Yes, I am./ No, I am not.

2. Will

Will it rain later today?                           Yes, it will./ No, it won't.

Will Tom and Max win?                           Yes, they will./ No, they won't.

Ability: can/could

To talk about something we are/aren't able to do.

- Can: are able to (positive)

- Can't: aren't able to (negative)

To talk about something we were/ weren't able to do in the past.

- Could: were able to (positive)

- Couldn't: weren't able to (negative)

Possibility: can

To talk about things that are/aren't possible.

- Can: are possible (positive)

- Can't: aren't possible (negative)

Obligation: have to/had to

To talk about something that is/isn't necessary and general rules in the present.

Positive: 

- have to (I, you, we, they)                                We have to be home at noon.

- has to (she, he, it)                                             Charles has to be home at noon.

Negative:

- don't have to (I, you, we, they)                    My friends don't have to leave early.

- doesn't have to (she, he, it)                         My sister doesn't have to leave early.

Obligation: have to/had to

To talk about something that was/ wasn't necessary and general rules in the past.

Positive: 

- had to                                         We had to bring all of our books to class.

Negative:

- didn't have to                         I didn't have to bring my laptop.

Requests

- Use can when asking a friend/ someone you know well.

Can I borrow your pencil?

- Use could to be polite/ when you don't know a person well.

Could you tell me where the library is?

Replies could be: Yes, of course!/ Sure!/ I'll do it/ Sorry, but../etc.