Unit 2: Nutrition and digestion

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Unit 2: Nutrition and digestion

Nutrition and digestion

Today's program

§ 1   Food and nutrients 

Learning objectives 

• You can state the functions of nutrients and dietary fibre in foods.
• You can name six groups of nutrients and list their functions.

Animal or vegetable?

"Food comes from the roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds of plants. Many people also eat animals and animal products. Food contains all kinds of nutrients that your body needs."

Foodstuffs = all the products that you eat or drink 

• Vegetable foodstuffs -> foods that come from plants or made from plants 
• Animal foodstuffs -> come from animals or animal products (generally bred for this purpose)

Butter is an example of animal foodstuffs.
True or False?

1. True
2. False

The function of nutrients

"Nutrients are substances that your body needs for energy, growth and recovery."

Nutrients can have four different functions in the body:

• fuel
• building material
• reserves
• protection

The function of nutrients

• Fuels provide energy. Energy is needed for the body to function.
• Building materials can help create new or repair damaged tissue(s).
• Reserves are stored in the body as building materials or fuel that's not needed immediately.
• Protective substances boost the immune system and make sure you don't get sick.

Which one is not a function of nutrients?

1. Fuel
2. Reserves
3. Building materials
4. Transport

Six groups of nutrients

1.  Proteins
2.  Carbohydrates
3.  Fats
4.  Water
5.  Minerals
6.  Vitamins 

Which of the six groups do you think is most important for the human body?

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Fats

Water

Minerals

Vitamins

Proteins

Proteins are building blocks for the body. 

• cytoplasm
• muscle

Any excess of protein is used as fuel or converted 

into fats and stored as reserves. 

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy. 

• sugars (glucose)

Glucose can be converted into glycogen
and stored in the liver and muscles. 

Fats

Primarily used as fuel. But in excess it's stored as a reserve. 

Name an example of (healthy) fatty foods:

Fats

Primarily used as fuel. But in excess it's stored as a reserve. 

Name an example of (healthy) fatty foods:

Which of the two energy sources is more efficient due to its fast mechanism?

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats

Water

The human body consists of approximately 60% of water. 

• transporting substances, such as blood, inside your body 

Minerals

Minerals are protective substances. Any deficiencies can lead to illnesses.   

Also referred to as 'salts'.

• calcium -> bone growth, blood clotting
• sodium -> balance in fluids
• magnesium -> maintain brain and heart functions
• iron -> blood production (hemoglobin)

Which mineral is good for both bone growth and your blood?

1. Magnesium (Mg)
2. Iron (Fe)
3. Calcium (Ca)
4. Sodium (Na)

Vitamins

Vitamins are protective substances. Any deficiencies can lead to illnesses.   

• Vitamin A -> vision and cell production
• Vitamin B -> aids the metabolism
• Vitamin C -> supports the immune system
• Vitamin D -> mood regulation
• Vitamin K -> bone metabolism

Tip:

Print out the image to the right. It will be used in the final exam. 

Which vitamin supports the immune system?

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B
3. Vitamin C
4. Almost all of them

How did today's introduction to unit 2 go?

😒🙁😐🙂😃

Next lesson

• Watch: Digestive System by the Amoeba Sisters
• Read: paragraph 2 on pages 97-100
• Read: paragraph 3 on pages 104-107