British Culture Week 1.4

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British Culture Week 1.4

British History 1603-1714

Recap

The Stuarts

Gunpowder plot

English Civil War

Commonwealth

Restoration

Glorious Revolution

Recap: Which monarch reinstated English Catholicism?

1. Henry VIII
2. Edward VI
3. Mary I
4. Elizabeth I

Who was the final Tudor monarch?

1. Henry VIII
2. Edward VI
3. Mary I
4. Elizabeth I

House of Stuart

• James I
• Charles I
• Charles II
• James II
• William and Mary
• Anne

1603-1688

James I

Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

(not a Stuart)

Charles II

James II

• 1603: Queen Elizabeth I dies, leaving no children.
•  The English throne passes from the Tudors to the Stuarts.
• James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England.
• 'Two crowns on 

       one head'.                

What do you know about the Gunpowder Plot?

• King James I was a Protestant.
  
• A group of Catholics, including Guy Fawkes, tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament, but they were caught and executed.

The Gunpowder Plot 1605

Charles I

• Reigned 1625 -1649
  
• Head of the Anglican Church
  
• Conflict with Parliament
  
• Married a Catholic
  
• Believed in the divine right of Kings
  
• Unpopular
• Alienated Calvinists in Scotland and Catholics in Ireland

What happened to Charles I?

1. He was beheaded
2. He was sent into exile
3. He was shot
4. He was hanged

The English Civil War 1642-1651

• Series of wars between King and parliament
• Royalists = Cavaliers 
• Parliamentarians = Roundheads
• Roundheads - Oliver Cromwell
• Charles I captured 1649

Which side fought for the King during the English Civil War?

1. Roundheads
2. Cavaliers
3. Parliamentarians
4. Puritans

Who won the English Civil War?

Commonwealth 1649-1660

• Charles I executed 1649.
• Monarchy abolished.
• England and Wales (and later Scotland and Ireland) were governed as a Republic.
• Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector.
• Puritan regime.

Restoration 1660

• After Cromwell's death, Parliament asked Charles I's son, Charles II to return to the English throne.
• Re-established Anglican church over Puritanism
• 'Merry monarch' 

James II (1685-1688)

• Charles' wife could not produce an heir.
• Charles' brother became King James II.
• Converted to Catholicism.
• Heir - Daughter Mary - was Protestant.
• Second wife gave birth to a Catholic son 

- possibility of a permanent Catholic dynasty.

Glorious Revolution 1688

• Parliament invited James II's daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orange to be the new sovereigns.
• King James overthown - exile in France.
• 'Glorious' = bloodless revolution.
• William III and Mary II become joint monarchs.

Bill of Rights 1689

• No Roman Catholic permitted to be monarch.
  
• No English monarch could marry a Catholic (law changed 2013).

Battle of the Boyne 1690

• James tried unsuccessfully to regain the crown. 
• Victory for William. 
• Ensured Protestant domination.
• Still commemorated today. 

• https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-48824821

Queen Anne 1702-1714

• Mary's sister Anne became queen 1702.
• Two kingdoms of England and Scotland.
• Separate states with the same monarch.
• Since 1603 (James I) two crowns on one head.
• Act of Union 1707.
• United Kingdom of Great Britain.
• Anne was the final Stuart monarch.