9.1.2 Europe goes to war -TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

9.1.2: World War 1: Europe goes to war

9. The Time of World Wars

Word Duty

mobilisation: preparing the army for battle and moving the soldiers to the borders

neutrality: policy of a nation not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, war etc.

Battle of the Marne: battle in 1914, in which the advance of the German troops through France was halted

stalemate: situation in which neither side can make a winning move (the term comes from the game of chess)

trench war: a war in which both sides build a heavily defended frontline

trenches: long, narrow ditches defended with bunkers, machineguns and barbed wire

artillery: long range guns or missile launchers used in warfare on land

WORD DUTY

Important dates in this lesson:

1914

June 28:       assassination of Franz Ferdinand

August 3:     Germany invades Belgium (start Schlieffenplan)

Sept. 5 - 12: Battle of the Marne

Dec 24:        Christmas Truce

What you will learn in 

this lesson

• What happened in Sarajewo
  
• Why the murder of Franz Ferdinand was the direct cause of the war
  
• Why the Schlieffenplan failed
  
• What trench warfare is
  
• What life in the trenches was like

Use these questions to make your own summary

In this lesson:

Direct cause of WW1

• the assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

Going to war

• Countries mobilize their armies
• Aug 1914: Start of WW1. Germany attacks using the Schlieffenplan
• Blitzkrieg turns into a stalemate: trenches are built
• Life in the trenches

The Balkans

•  Austria-Hungary; though a powerful empire, it had internal problems. It was a large, multi-ethnic state and many peoples wanted to have their own nation state. 
• Austrian emperor wanted more power > claimed Bosnia, which made the Serbian population very angry. 
• The nationalists of Serbia dreamed of uniting Bosnia and Serbia together into a big Serbian sovereign state. > They had Russia as their ally. 
•  ‘the powder keg of Europe’.

<div>‘Balkan Troubles’. The heads of the European empires sitting on a tinder box. Political cartoon in a British magazine, 1912.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>

Study the source.
What disadvantage of an alliance does this
source illustrate?

a German soldier accepts flowers from a woman in the street. The soldiers are cheerful. It's going to be a "Frische und Fröliche Krieg"<div><br></div><div><br></div>

How a cheese sandwich changed the world

• Franz Ferdinand > heir apparent of Austria
• Visited Sarajevo with his wife
• Route in newspapers
• The Black Hand > assassination attempt, but failed

a German soldier accepts flowers from a woman in the street. The soldiers are cheerful. It's going to be a "Frische und Fröliche Krieg"<div><br></div><div><br></div>

Mobilisation, August 1914. Departure of a troop transport train bound for France.

Source A

Look at source A
What is the mood of these soldiers who are about to go to war?

1. angry
2. cheerful
3. worried
4. disgusted

general Alfred von Schlieffen

The First Battle of the Marne

• Germany > quick victory over France
• French and British armies retreated to the Marne river > The Great Retreat
• Succesful counteroffensive
• Germans retreated to Aisne river > here they dug trenches 

stalemate

• The schlieffenplan failed.
• the war turned into a stalemate
• both sides dug trenches.
• the war turned into a trench war....
• ....for the next 4 years....

= when neither side can make a winning move

Which statement is correct?
I. trenches are easier to defend then to conquer
II. a stalemate is a situation in which neither side can make a winning move

1. only I is correct
2. only II is correct
3. both are correct
4. both are wrong

<div>Sandbags were filled with earth and mud, and were meant to protect the soldiers<br></div>

<div>At the beginning of the war, the rations were still reasonable, but as the war lasted longer, there was also less (good) food.<br></div><div>If the soldiers did not have to fight, they would, for example, play cards.</div>

In addition to the enemy, the soldiers suffered a lot from pests, such as rats and fleas. Some soldiers passed the time between battles by killing rats.

<div>Dogs not only kept the soldiers company, they also delivered messages between the various trenches.<br></div>

<div>Soldiers could often only sleep during the day, because at night it was a good time to spy on the trenches of the enemies.<br></div>

<div>With a periscope, the soldiers could view the enemy without taking great risks. A periscope works with mirrors.<br></div>

<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">Thousands of letters and diaries of soldiers from the First World War have been preserved. These are important and valuable resources nowadays.</span>

<div>For the safety of the soldiers, the trenches were zigzag-shaped.<br></div>

<div>40,000 km of trenches are being built between the North Sea and the Swiss border (Western Front).<br></div>

The area between the trenches is completely plowed in four years. It's called "no man's land".

<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/0/ww1/">http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/0/ww1/</a>

<a href="https://youtu.be/92dNeGwf9Qs">360˚ video&nbsp;</a>of a trench<div>During the video you can look in all directions! Try it out!<br></div>

<div>Keeping watch was one of the most important tasks you could get. There were very severe punishments for falling asleep during the watch.<br></div>

<div>Besides fighting and keeping watch, there were plenty of other annoying chores in a trench, such as replenishing sandbags, repairing barbed wire or emptying the latrines (toilets)<br></div>

Put the events in the correct chronological order

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

The Triple Entente is formed.

The Schlieffen Plan failed.

Franco-Prussian War

The First World War turns into a trench war.

Franz Ferdinand is assassinated.

The Germans used the largest piece of artillery during the war, called the Pariser Kanone. They used this supergun to attack Paris from a distance of 120 kilometres. Other big cannons were ‘Fat Bertha’ and ‘Langer Max.’ All made by Krupstahl .

‘Over the top’

Why did the schlieffenplan fail? use the word: Belgium in your answer

21. Study the source.
Why was the Balkan area known as the
powder keg of Europe?
Use an element of the source in your answer.

Multi-perspective 

• We'll blindfold three volunteers, who'll have to describe an object.
• Write down what each person says.

www.google.com

What is this video about? And is there a current occurance in the world you can link to this video?

Problem

Homework:

Finish the questions shared in the 9.1.2 special questions in LessonUp

Discuss: What was this document about and how did it affect the course of the war?

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