2AB - Grammar Recap

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Opening

What are we going to do today?

TODAY	HOMEWORK
Homework check: WB 4D + 4E	To study: PW Unit 3-4
Grammar items: Unit 3 and 4	To do: WB Review Unit 3-4
Independent work: Practice exercises	To bring: Your novel
Finished? - Read your novel - Study for the test - Work on another subject	Test dates: - PW Unit 3 & 4 - Dec 16th - SO Listening - Jan 10th - Book report - After TW

Grammar Unit 3 & 4

Unit 3B - Quantity

Unit 3D - Modal verbs

Unit 3E - Negative prefixes

Unit 4B - Comparatives

Unit 4D - Superlatives

Unit 4E - Phrasal verbs

3B: Quantity

In dit hoofdstuk heb je geleerd hoe je het kunt hebben over verschillende hoeveelheden (= quantities).  

Countable nouns - Can be singular or plural. (One apple, two apples, a hundred apples.)

Uncountable nouns - Only have a singular form. You cannot use 'a' or 'an' with uncountable nouns. (Food, money, pollution.)

3B: Quantity

Some & any - Kan betekenen: 'enkele, een paar, een aantal'.

'Some' is used in affirmative sentences, or when you offer or ask for something (and expect someone to say 'yes'):

"There are some people waiting at the door. / Would you like some tea?"

'Any' is used in negative sentences and questions.

"I don't have any brothers or sisters / Are there any dogs at the park?"

You can use some and any with plural and uncountable nouns.

3B: Quantity

A little & a few kun je gebruiken als je het hebt over een kleine hoeveelheid van iets.

A little is used with uncountable nouns.

"Julia ate a little rice"

A few is used with plural countable nouns.

"Mike ate a few chips"

3B: Quantity

Much, many & a lot of gebruik je als het hebt over een grote hoeveelheid van iets.

Much is used with uncountable nouns

"I don't drink much tea"

Many is used with plural countable nouns

"Are there many people at the party?"

A lot of can be used with uncountable or plural nouns.

"There's a lot of food in the supermarket / There are a lot of tall buildings in this city"

3D: Must, mustn't and needn't / don't have to.

We use must to say that something is necessary or very important to do.

'Must' gebruik je als iemand persoonlijk vindt dat iets moet.

"I loved the Harry Potter books, you really must read them sometime!"

We also use have to to say something is necessary or important to do.

'Have to' gebruik je als iets een verplichting is vanuit de wet of de regels.

"It's forbidden to use your phone in class, you have to leave it in your locker"

3D: Must, mustn't and needn't / don't have to.

We use mustn't to say that something is prohibited (=verboden).

"We mustn't cheat on our tests, we will get a failing grade"

We use needn't and don't have to to say something is not necessary. (Het hoeft dus niet, maar mag wel.)

"You needn't bring food to the party, they will serve dinner. / You don't have to bring food to the party, they will serve dinner"

3E: Negative adjective prefixes

Un-	Un realistic
In-	In dependent
Im-	Im patient	Alleen bij woorden met -m of -p.
Ir-	Ir relevant	Alleen bij woorden met een -r.
Il-	Il legal	Alleen bij woorden met een -l.
Dis-	Dis honest

You can change the meaning of an adjective by adding a new part at the beginning of the word. This added part is called a prefix. The following prefixes are used to make a positive adjective into a negative one.

Some or any?
"There aren't ___ good songs on this playlist"

1. Some
2. Any

Some or any?
"Do you have ___ pets?"

1. Some
2. Any

Some or any?
"I don't really like reading, but ____ books are interesting."

1. Some
2. Any

Some or any?
"You seem hungry, would you like ___ food?"

1. Some
2. Any

1. My niece loves shoes, she has _____ different pairs!

2. I wasn't very hungry, so I just ate ______ bread.

3. The museum was kind of interesting, there was so _____ art to see.

4. I have to be home in time, but I can stay _____ minutes longer.

a little

a few

much

many

Fill in the gap:
Berlin is a really cool city, you ____ visit sometime!

1. Must
2. Mustn't
3. Have to
4. Needn't/Don't have to

Fill in the gap:
You _____ finish your food if you're not hungry.

1. Must
2. Mustn't
3. Have to
4. Needn't/Don't have to

Fill in the gap:
In Britain you ____ drive on the left side of the road.

1. Must
2. Mustn't
3. Have to
4. Needn't/Don't have to

Fill in the gap:
When you go to a fancy restaurant you ____ eat with your hands.

1. Must
2. Mustn't
3. Have to
4. Needn't/Don't have to

4B & 4D: Comparison and superlatives

You can use comparatives to compare two things or people.

"I am taller than my brother. / My sister is more intelligent than our cat"

Notice how we use 'than' when making a comparison.

You can use superlatives to talk about the difference between more than two things or people.

"My dad is the tallest in our entire family. / Dolphins are the most intelligent animals in the world"

4B & 4D: Comparison and superlatives

		COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
1 syllable words	Fast Large Hot Dry	Fast er Large r Hott er Dr ier	The fast est The large st The hot test The dr iest
2 syllable words	Angry Boring	Angrier More boring	The angriest The most boring
3+ syllable words	Expensive Intelligent	More expensive More intelligent	The most expensive The most intelligent

Remember! Good, bad and far are irregular adjectives.

4B & 4D: Comparison and superlatives

When comparing thing that are equal we use 'as ... as'

"Her hair is as long as mine"

If the things you're comparing aren't equal you can say 'not as ... as'

"But her hair is not as curly as mine"

4B & 4D: Comparison and superlatives

When using the word too in a sentence, it comes before an adjective.

"These shoes are too small"

When using the word enough in a sentence, it comes after and adjective.

"I'm not old enough to drive yet"

Or before a noun.

"I don't have enough money"

4E: Phrasal verbs

You can combine some verbs (=werkwoorden) with prepositions (=voorzetsels) to change their meanings. The combinations are called phrasal verbs.

Give / Give up

Look / Look out

Carry / Carry on

Correct the mistake:
"I think history is interestinger than maths"

Correct the mistake:
"It's usually more sunny in Spain than it is in the Netherlands"

Correct the mistake:
"I didn't think things could get more bad"

Correct the mistake:
"This is the most large television I have ever seen"

Correct the mistake:
"I think American movies are better then Dutch movies."

Chase

Rely

Give

Fill

Find

In

After

On

Out

Up

Independent work

• Finish your homework
• Study for your test. (Grammar, word list)
• Read your novel