5.3 Investiture Controversy

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Investiture Controversy

6.1: Pope against emperor

Question 1:
Who is the Pope?

Power in Late Middle Ages

People in the Middle Ages believed that all power was granted to kings and lords by God. 
Kings received secular power
Popes received spiritual power

Conflict between the Pope and the king.

• According to the popes the spiritual world was superior to the secular world. (Soul is more important than the body) .

• In reality religious and state matters often became mixed. Led to conflicts between popes and lords.

• 11th century major argument between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and the pope Gregory VII: Investiture Controversy.

people in this lesson

Gregory VII

pope

Rome

Henry IV

king, later emperor

Germany

Who were the main characters in the Investiture Controversy?

Why were they fighting?

King

Pope

Spiritual power

Secular power

Rules over the Church and its followers

Rules over countries and people

Conflict between pope and kings

Investiture Controversy.

Investiture means the ability to appoint and install bishops. Fight between emperor and pope.

1122 Concordat of Worms.

Only pope could appoint bishops, but lords could give them political power.

Strict divide between between government of the Church and government of the empire.

What is a crusade?

1. military expedition to free Jerusalem from Muslim rule
2. A Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem .
3. Military expedition to liberate Constantinople from Muslim rule
4. A Christian pilgrimage to Constantinople

Why did the pope call for a crusade?

1. To unite all Christians
2. To liberate Jerusalem
3. To become more powerfull
4. All three answers