8.5: the development of Nation States

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines

8.5  the development of Nation States

 nationalism

• 19th century: people got the feeling that they belonged to a nation (volk), a group with its own language, culture and history.
• Nationalism: Great love for your own country, people and culture.

nos.nl

expressions of nationalism

For example:

• The German Empire.
• Several German-speaking areas wanted one country

Consequence of nationalism:

Militarisme

Gevolg van nationalisme: Ieder land wil de sterkste zijn, leidde tot concurrentie en de opkomst van Militarisme

Militarisme : trots op alles wat met het eigen leger te maken heeft

Vertrouwen in de kracht van het eigen leger

Consequence of nationalism:

Militarisme

Gevolg van nationalisme: Ieder land wil de sterkste zijn, leidde tot concurrentie en de opkomst van Militarisme

Militarisme : trots op alles wat met het eigen leger te maken heeft

Vertrouwen in de kracht van het eigen leger

• Every country wanted to be the strongest.
• This led to competition and the rise of: 

• Militarism:

• Pride in everything that has to do with your own army.
• Confidence in the strength of your own army.

Consequence of Nationalism:

militarism

today

Prussia (Pruisen)

• largest German state
• 1848: after revolution it became a constitutional monarchy (like NL):
• less power for the king (Wilhelm I)
• more power for the prime minister (Bismarck)
• Bismarck's goal: unite all German states into one German empire.

The Franco-German War

1870-71

France: 

• monarchy:  emperor Napoleon III
• felt threatened by Bismarck
• declared war on Prussia + German states in 1870.

• Prussian army: powerful and modern.

The Franco-German War

1870-71

• German states accepted Prussian leadership in the war.
• Prussian army defeated the French army at Sedan (1870)
• Prussia took Paris in 1871. France surrendered.

Germany in 1871

Bismarck

Emperor

(kaiser) Wilhelm I

proclamation of the German Empire

(in the French palace of Versailles)

Berlin

Siegessäule

(victory column)

consequenses:

• King Wilhelm I of Prussia  becomes emperor Wilhelm I of the German empire.
• France:
•             -humiliated
•             -war reparations
•             -give up Alsace-Lorraine
•             -seeks revenge

the first steps towards World War I have been taken.....