1.1c Particles in the atom and atomic radius

• Chemistry
• Secondary Education
• Age 12,13

AS Level Chemistry 9701

Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

22 August 2023

We are learning to:

• define the terms: shells, sub-shells and orbitals, principal quantum number (n), ground state, limited to electronic configuration
• describe the number of orbitals making up s, p and d sub-shells, and the number of electrons that can fill s, p and d sub-shells  
• describe the electronic configurations to include the number of electrons in each shell, sub-shell and orbital  
• describe the order of increasing energy of the sub-shells within the first three shells and the 4s and 4p sub-shells  

We are learning to:

• determine the electronic configuration of atoms and ions given the atomic or proton number and charge, using either of the following conventions: e.g. for Fe: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁶4s² (full electronic configuration) or [Ar] 3d⁶4s² (shorthand electronic configuration)
• explain the electronic configurations in terms of energy of the electrons and inter-electron repulsion  
• describe and use the electrons in boxes notation
• describe and sketch the shapes of s and p orbitals  
• describe a free radical as a species with one or more unpaired electrons  

AS Level Chemistry 9701

Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

22 August 2023

Review of previous learning

• ⚗️ Apply the isotopic notation in the items on page 8-9, e-Coursebook, Questions 3b-3e, 4-6.
• ⚗️ Definition of key terms: shells, sub-shells and orbitals, principal quantum number (n), ground state via Blooket.

Element Quiz 02

Instructions:

• Fifteen elements are included in this quiz.
• Symbols, names, or atomic numbers shall be given. Identify what is needed.
• Multiple choice and Short-answer questions are used.
• Blooket will be used for this activity. 
• Marks will be based on the number of correctly-responded questions.

Activity 9—Isotopes and Ions

Instructions:

• ⚗️ Perform the given tasks on pages 8-9, e-Coursebook, Questions 3b-3e, 4-6.
• ⚗️ Share your output with a classmate. 

 Activity 10—Definition of Terms 

(Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals)

Instructions:

• ⚗️ Review the definitions of the terms: shells, sub-shells and orbitals, principal quantum number (n), ground state, limited to electronic configuration via Blooket
• ⚗️ Essential question: ❓Do electrons have a specific location around the nucleus of an atom?
• ⚗️ Share your ideas about the essential question.

AS Level Chemistry 9701

Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

22 August 2023

docs.google.com

Challenge Task: EC = 2 points

Instructions:

• Draw a planetary model of the Chlorine atom (Bohr's Model).
• Include the correct number of shells and electrons.

Planetary Model of a Chlorine Atom

Planetary Model of a Chlorine Atom

Planetary Atomic Model

AS Level Chemistry 9701

Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

22 August 2023

Concept 1 - Shells

• The arrangement of electrons in an atom is __.
•  Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in principal quantum shells which are numbered by principal energy levels (n).

Concept 2 - Subshells

• The principal quantum shells are split into subshells (s, p, d, f).
•  Elements > 57 electrons will have an f subshell.

Concept 2 - Subshells

• The principal quantum shells are split into subshells (s, p, d, f).
•  Elements > 57 electrons will have an f subshell.

Concept 3 - Orbitals

• The subshells contain one or more atomic orbitals.
•  Orbitals exist at specific energy levels. 
• ❓Where can you find the electrons?
• ❓How many electrons can each atomic orbital hold?

Concept 3 - Orbitals

The number of orbitals in each subshell:

• s = one orbital x 2 e^-
• p = three orbitals x 2 e-
• d = five orbitals x 2 e-
• f = seven orbitals x 2 e-

Concept 3 - Orbitals (3-D Shapes)

atomic nucleus

lobe

Concept 3 - Orbitals (3-D Shapes)

Concept 4 - Ground State

It is an atom's most stable electronic configuration with the lowest amount of energy.

Order of subshells' increasing energy: only for n=1 and n=2.

Concept 5 - Subshells and Energy

Summary: Shells, Subshells, Orbitals

Sharing of Learning Table

Instruction:

• Formulate your conclusion based on your table.
• Share your conclusions about the learning table with the class.

Activity 11— s and p Orbitals: 3-D Model-making (Classwork 05)

Instructions:

• ⚗️ Navigate the simulation found at Atomic Orbitals simulation. Use this as a blueprint for your model.
• ⚗️ Include information such as shape, size, orientation, and amount of energy. 
• ⚗️ Share your models with the class.

www.chemtube3d.com

AS Level Chemistry 9701

Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

22 August 2023

Concept 6 - Electron configuration

- lets you know of the number of electrons in each shell, subshell, and orbital of an atom

- fill the subshells in order of increasing energy

Concept 6 - Electron configuration

Three methods of writing the electron configuration:

• Full E.C. or 1s2 notation
• Shorthand E.C. (Noble gas notation)
• Electron Box Notation (Orbital diagram)

Concept 6a - Full Electron configuration 1s2 notation

Practice writing the FEC of:

• Hydrogen
• Helium
• Lithium
• Beryllium
• Boron
• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Fluorine
• Neon

Concept 6b - Shorthand Electron configuration

Practice writing the SEC of:

• Lithium
• Beryllium
• Boron
• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Fluorine
• Neon

Concept 6c - Electron Box Notation

• Electrons = small spinning charges
• Electrons with similar spin = repel each other (a.k.a. Spin-pair repulsion)

Concept 6c - Electron Box Notation

• Even though there is repulsion between negatively charged e- (inter-electron repulsion) they occupy the same region of space in orbitals. 

Concept 6c - Electron box notation

Practice writing the EBN of:

• Lithium
• Beryllium
• Boron
• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Fluorine
• Neon

Concept 7 - Free Radicals

Free radical - is a species with one or more unpaired electrons.

AS Level Chemistry 9701

Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

22 August 2023

Self-Assessment of Learning

Instructions:

⚗️ Identify two ideas you do not understand quite well in our sessions.

⚗️ Ask someone who can explain and write the explanations in your notebook.

⚗️ Verify your learning from a classmate by sharing it with the teacher.