Past Simple - Past Perfect

• Engels
• Middelbare school

Past Simple - Past Perfect - Present perfect

Goals

- After this lesson you can use, form and understand the past simple tense.

- After this lesson you can use, form and understand the past perfect and present perfect tense

- After this lesson you can you the three tenses in a sentence together.

How do you make the past perfect tense?

Past Simple

What	Past simple
When	To say that something happened in the past.
How/Form	Add –ed OR an irregular form.
Signal words	Yesterday, last week, last month, two days ago, four days ago, months ago, a second ago, etc.
Examples	He walked her home last night. I talked to him on the phone yesterday. She tried to close her book but a fly got caught in between the pages.

Past Perfect

Had + 3rd form (irregular verbs) /verb + ed (regular verbs)

Earlier action in the past:

I had cleaned the table before he came in.

Before he came in, I had cleaned the table.

He came in after I had cleaned the table.

• Earlier action/First action in the past = past perfect
• Later action/Second action in the past = past simple

               past perfect                       past simple                                                          

______________X___________________X_______________________________now

Past perfect

Form: had + past participle (3e rijtje): had eaten, had left

Use: 2 moments in the past: Simple Past and Past Perfect

The first action gets the past perfect. The second action gets the past simple.

past simple & past perfect

Time for a quiz!

De Past Perfect
gebeurde eerst,
daarna de Past simple

1. waar
2. niet waar

Past Simple <> Past Perfect
Before we ____ (to go) to the party, we _____ (to go) to the cinema.

1. went / went
2. had gone / had gone
3. went / had gone
4. had gone / went

Past simple / past perfect:
__________ (to phone) Angie before he __________ ( to go) to London?

1. Did he phone - went
2. Did he phoned - gone
3. Did he phone - had gone
4. Had he phoned - went

Past simple / past perfect:
The storm _______ (to destroy) the sandcastle that we _______ (to build).

1. destroys - build
2. had destroyed - built
3. destroyed - had build
4. destroyed - had built

Now, when do you use the present perfect?

Present perfect

Have/has + participle

John has worked there for five years.

Mary has lived in Paris since her birth.

When?

Situations in the past that are still going on, or are done but are relevant now.

Past simple vs. past perfect vs. present perfect

Past simple: Short events that are done. Verb + ed.

Past perfect: Only used when there's another past tense in the sentence. Happens BEFORE past simple. Had + participle

Present perfect: Events that started in the past and are still happening, or are done but are relevant now. Have/has + participle. 

Past simple

Past perfect

Present perfect

Hij liep naar school

Hij liep naar school terwijl hij met zijn vriend praatte

Hij gaat al 4 jaar naar school.

Zij kocht vanochtend een cadeau.

Jij bent nu in het ziekenhuis en brak vorige week je been.

Je gaf een cadeautje terwijl hij zijn verjaardag vierde.

Fill in: He ...... (live), and is still living, in France, while I ...... (live) in Germany.

I ....... (give) him his lunch before he ..... (go) to school.

I ...... (break) a bone twice before.