6.2 IT, Globalisation and crisis

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6.2 IT, globalization and crisis

Learning goals

You can, you know:

• Explain in your own words what automation is.
• Explain in your own words why automation reduced the number of industrial workers.
• Explain in your own words what the concept of globalization means.
• Explain why the computer, internet and mobile phone have contributed to the increasing connectivity of the whole world. 
• Explain why another economic crisis broke out in the world in 2008.
• To explain why the crisis in Europe worsened at the end of 2009.

Alan Turing (1912 - 1954)

Why do I start a lesson on ICT and globalisation with a picture of Alan Turing?

Enigma

This allows messages to be encoded into letter combinations other than the original, which can then be translated back by an identical machine. Enigma is Greek for riddle. 

The start

• U.S. and Soviet Union are waging a "cold war"
  

• Soviet Union first successfully launches a satellite

1961: Joeri Gagarin (SU)

• 1957; Race between SU-US
  

        to 1st satellite in space. 

• 1961: Russia won battle
  
• -->1st man in space.

1969: Neil Amstrong (VS)

• First man on the moon
  
• Sattelite
  
• Race with Russia
  
• NASA founded

Can you explain why the U.S. and the USSR started the space race?

The birth of the Internet

ARPANET

In response to the successful launch of the Soviet Union satellite, the U.S. Department of Defense launched the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) project.

Internet

• In 1974 the transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP/IP) is developed.
  

• TCP/IP describes how computers should communicate with each other. No matter what brand or type you have

Grow of the internet

WWW

Demand increased for information and documents to be found more easily on the Internet. A plan for this was submitted in 1989.

Can you connet the founding of the internet with the journey of Youri Gagarin?

Automation

After 1945: technological developments --> daily life changes drastically.

Automation

• When the work is taken over by computers, it's called automation. Even less human labour is needed.

Other type of work

• The Dutch went/will go to do different kinds of work: knowledge became more important. Entrepreneurs can earn a lot of money with new (technical) ideas.

The information society

• Industrial society becomes --> information society.
  
• 1981 1st PC on the market
  
• 1991 New breakthrough:World Wide Web = internet.
  
• 1991 other breakthrough:mobile calling
  
• PCs were getting smaller --> laptops
  
• 2007: 1st smartphone

Globalization is...

Globalization

• By acting all over the world and adopting each other's ideas, globalization comes about
  

• The world is getting "smaller and smaller

Globalization

•   Western companies move production to low-wage countries.
  
•  Poverty in the world halved.
  
•  China and India: focus on exports.
  
•  China --> become the largest exporter in the world

Globalization

• The Netherlands trades with the whole world. This is possible because the infrastructure (e.g. the Internet) and transport (container ships/airplanes) have become much better.

From raw material to your hand = a trip around the world for your phone!

What's in my smartphone?

And where does it actually come from?

Lithium from Chile - is in the battery of your phone

Oil, used in plastic - SIM card in your phone

Other than that...

• Silver from Peru
  
• Gold from the Democratic Republic of Congo
  
• Tin from India
  
• Copper from the United States
  
• Nickel from Botswana
  
• 
  
• And about 30 other minerals from 20+ countries!

Assembled in e.g. China

credit crisis (cause)

Debt crisis

Solutions for disappointing growth in the economy >> debt

Greece > Large debts > Cannot repay them > EU has to save Greece.

Can it happen again? Yes

credit crisis (consequences)

Banks need rescuing

Low economic growth and high unemployment.

Greece (Spain, Portugal, Ireland in difficulty)

Populism: Brexit, 5-star movement, Trump, etc.

Name a cause and a consequence of the credit crisis

Learning goals

You can, you know:

• Explain in your own words what automation is.
• Explain in your own words why automation reduced the number of industrial and port workers.
• Explain in your own words what the concept of globalization means.
• Explain why the computer, internet and mobile phone have contributed to the increasing connectivity of the whole world. 
• Explain why another economic crisis broke out in the world in 2008.
• To explain why the crisis in Europe worsened at the end of 2009.