Havo 4 - Unit 20 lesson 1 & 2

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

H4 - Unit 20: No place to hide

Grammar: gerunds and infinitives

Wordlist 4: units 19-20

Lesson 1: Unit 20.1

Introductory exercise

Speaking

Reading

What do you think are the
causes of crime?

Do films and tv shows about crime
help to cause more crime?

Which crime films and tv shows do
you know?

What do think forensic
science is?

Is forensic science the most important part of a police investigation?

Yes, you've got to have the right proof!

Maybe, but it depends on the case.

No, it is just one of many parts you need to solve a crime

Would you be interested in working as a forensic scientist?

Yes, I love solving puzzles!

Don't know, what's the salary?

You mean with blood? No thanks!

Team up!

On the next slide you can find a video about forensic science in tv shows and films and how it differs from real life forensics. 

Team up with a classmate and watch the video. Make a total of 10 questions for your classmates that go with the video. Make sure you don't all put them at the beginning of the video, but spread them out
along the whole 9 minutes. Make sure you have the 

answers too.

Answer your classmate's questions and see how you did!

Reading ex. 3

to cover your tracks  =  geen sporen achterlaten

the suspect = de verdachte

the proof = het bewijs

guilty = schuldig

a forensic scientist = forensisch onderzoeker

genetic code = genetische code

evidence = bewijs(last)

to take someone to court = iemand voor de rechter dagen (aanklagen)

Reading ex 4-6

Now that you know a little more, read the article The Professionals on page 131.

Do exercises 4-6 & check your answers

Homework: 20.1

10 questions + answers for the video

Reading exercises 3-6

Lesson 2: Unit 20.2

Listening

Grammar: gerunds + infinitives

Vocabulary

Listening ex 1 & 2

Use the listening fragment to do exercises 1 & 2.

Listening unit 20.1

Grammar: gerunds & infinitives

Remember this from unit 7?

Reading books is my hobby VS I love to read books.

gerund        VS            infinitive

1. She promised ____ to the doctor as soon as she returned home.

1. to go
2. going

2. The city doesn't allow _____ along curbs painted red.

1. to park
2. parking

3. She prefers _____ dinner because she loves to cook.

1. to make
2. making

4. Neil Armstrong is famous for ____
the first man to walk on the Moon.

1. to be
2. being

5. Carrie reminded me ____ Dave and Stacey and invite them over for dinner.

1. to call
2. calling

Gerund = verb + -ing

Basically this is a verb (ww) that we use as a noun (zelfst nw) in a sentence: 

A gerund can be the subject (onderwerp) or object (lijd vw) of a clause/sentence. 

• Climbing the hill took them all day. (Het beklimmen van de heuvel koste hen een hele dag)
• I have always loved climbing hills on holidays. (Ik heb altijd van het beklimmen van heuvels gehouden tijdens vakanties)

Gerund

You use the gerund:

• after certain verbs and expressions
• after all prepositions except to
• after adjective and preposition combinations
• after verb and preposition combinations
• after phrasal verbs

See page 169 of your book (grammar unit 7)

Infinitive = to + verb

There are occasions were we have to use the infinitive instead of the gerund when we use a verb as a noun. The infinitive has to be used when:

• after certain verbs
• after certain adjectives
• after verbs which follow the pattern verb + someone + to do + something

See page 169 of your book (grammar unit 7)

Gerunds and infinitives 2

After some verbs you can use an infinitive (vorm I in present simple) as well as a gerund (ing form) without a difference in meaning.

Start   I started working on my paper yesterday afternoon.

              I started to work on my paper yesterday afternoon.

Begin  I began thinking I could fail my driving test when I didn’t stop at the

              traffic light.

              I began to think I could fail my driving test when I didn’t stop at the

              traffic light.

Continue   He continued singing a popular song.

                       He continued to sing a popular song.

Attempt     They attempted extinguishing the fire

                       They attempted to extinguish the fire

Intend         She intended being nicer to her sister.

                       She intended to be nicer to her sister.

Be accustomed to  They were accustomed to going out for supper on Fridays

                                         They were accustomed to go out for supper on Fridays

Committed to           He was committed to helping the homeless.

                                         He was committed to help the homeless.

Can’t bear                   I can’t bear losing him

                                         I can’t bear to lose him

Small difference in meaning

A small difference in meaning

Like        I like playing golf ( in general)

                 I like to play golf in Portugal. (habit or in particular)

Prefer    He preferred learning Spanish

                 He preferred to learn Spain in a Spanish- speaking

                country

Hate   He hates running in hot weather

             He hates to run in hot weather in the afternoons.

Love   She loves baking cakes

             She loves to bake cakes for weddings.

Mind: Americans often use the infinitive instead of the gerund for both

            sentences.

Mind: After would like, would prefer, would hate and would love you use the infinitive for special/particular occasions or events: At a ball a gentleman asks a lady : “Would you like to dance?” 

A change in meaning

Try       I tried to open the can but I didn’t have enough strength in my hands 

              to do it. (make an attempt)

              When learning the words by reading them out loud didn’t help I tried

              learning them using wrts. (experiment)

Stop    Teacher: stop talking! (stop doing what you are doing now)

              I stopped playing the music to make an announcement. (stop doing

              what you are doing now to do something else)  

Regret       I regret to tell you that you cannot join our club (bad news: I am

                     sorry that I have to tell you …)

                     I regret telling my teacher to shut up. ( I am sorry I did something))

Remember       You must remember to post that letter (you must not forget

                               that you still have to do something in the future)

                               I clearly remember posting the letter (You remember you did

                               something in the past)

Forget      I shouldn’t forget to congratulate him on the birth of his son (you still have to do it)

                    I never forget going to Disneyland with my granddad (I will always remember

                     something I did in the past)

Mean        I mean to do my homework every day (It is my intention, I plan to do this)

                    It means going to school at night as well ( the consequence of something)

Go on        After school I’ll go on to study Economics ( continue with something else)

                    The singer went on singing after the incident in the audience (continue with the same)

Now do exercises 3 , 4 and 5

Extra practice!

Use these links to do some extra practice on gerunds and infinitives.

https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_21.htm

https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_22.htm

https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_23.htm

https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_24.htm

Vocabulary: Crime

to get away with = (ergens) mee weg komen

release = vrijlaten

hang = ophangen

let someone off = (iemand) laten gaan ( zonder of met een lichte straf)

illegal = illegaal

guilty = schuldig

innocent = onschuldig

suspicious = verdacht

robbery = overval

theft = diefstal

terrorism = terrorisme

arrest = arresteren

burglar = inbreker

criminal = crimineel

jury = jury

gang = bende

trial = rechtzaak

cell = cel

court = rechtbank

prison = gevangenis

punishment = straf

offence = overtreding

penalty = straf ( meestal in sport)

fine = boete

accuse = beschuldigen / aanklagen

commit = plegen

charge = beschuldigen / aanklagen

Now do exercise 6