YR3-K16-LSN4

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

HAVE READY

• JOIN THIS LESSONUP
• YOUR NOTEBOOK
• KERBOODLE PAGE 254
• GOOGLE CLASROOM

PLAN FOR TODAY:

• CHECK IN CLASS ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 2
• HW FOR LESSON 4 (ANY QUESTIONS)
• PRACTICE QUESTIONS
• IN CLASS ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 4

ASSIGNMENTS DURING LESSON 2

• CHECK THE ANSWERS
• ASK QUESTIONS 

• I know what mutations are and how they can occur.
• I know what (types of) tumors there are and how they can affect the body.
• I understand how cancer works and how it can be treated.
• I can use a punnet square to show the inheritance of certain genes.
• I know how to calculate the chances of various possible outcomes with genetic disorders.
• I understand what various inherited diseases are and how they can be passed on in families.

• MUTATIONS
• MUTANT
• ALBINO
• CYSTIC FIBROSIS
• HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
• SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA
• COLOUR BLINDNESS
• TUMORS
• CANCER
• MALIGNANT
• BENIGN
• METASTASIZE

KERBOODLE P. 254-255

Steps with Punnet Squares

1. Identify your alleles.
2. Identify genotype parent 1. Show possible gametes.
3. Identify genotype parent 2. Show possible gametes.
4. Fill in your punnet squares.
5. Write down ratios of the possible genotypes.
6. Write down ratios of the possible phenotypes.

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENTS

INHERITANCE

Test cross

How to know if an organism is heterozygous (Rr) or homozygous (RR)?

--> crossing the unknown parent with a homozygous recessive parent

Mutations

= a change in a gene/chromosome that can cause a change in a characteristic

change in the DNA base sequence

--> gene codes for another

characteristic

--> MUTANT (mostly recessive)

Mutations - albinism

Normal gene produces melanin pigment (protects against UV)

Mutated gene doen't produce melanin

02:14

What would be step 1a for this cross?

02:30

What would be step 1b for this cross?

02:44

What would be step 2 for this cross?

03:10

What would be step 3 for this cross?

03:27

What are the chances of a hairless cat in this cross?

1. 0 %
2. 25 %
3. 50 %
4. 75 %

Mutations - antibiotics resistance

Mutant gene codes for a protein that breaks down the antibiotics

Inherited diseases to know

1. Cystic fibrosis

2. Huntington's disease 

3. Sickle cell anaemia 

4. Colour blindness

1. Cystic fibrosis

• Recessive disease caused by a gene mutation, risk 1/2000
• Thick, sticky mucus blocks air passages + digestive tubes 
• Respiratory and digestive problems 
• Antibiotics, chest physio, gene therapy (inhaling correct genes)
• Heterozygous Cc = carriers, homozygous recessive cc = sufferers 

Cystic fibrosis

2. Huntington's disease

• Dominant disease, risk 1/20,000
• Degeneration of brain cells -> movement, memory disorders 
• Heterozygous Hh + homozygous dominant HH = sufferers
• Late disease onset (>30-40y)

3. Sickle cell anaemia 

• Recessive genetic disease 
• Sickle shaped RBC with abnormal haemoglobin -> O₂ transport problems
• West Africa
• homozygous recessive = affected 
• heterozygous = carrier (resistant to malaria!)

3. Sickle cell anaemia 

4. Colour blindness

• Recessive allele on x-chromosome 
• more in male (only one X) 

4. Colour blindness

Genetic engineering

Removing a gene from an organism and putting it in another 

Eg: making insulin in diabetes patients

Selective breeding

Artificial selection

-> improves characteristics in 

plants and animals, usually for 

human benefit

-> humans determine passed 

on alleles to next generation

Cancer

• 10% of all cancers are genetic
• mutation in genes that control the way cells grow and multiply
• Leading to uncontrolled cell growth -> tumor

Cancer

05:42

What possible gene combinations can you come up with for parent 2?

05:59

Step 4

Please draw this punnet square in your notebook and try to complete it.

 

06:35

What would be step 5 for this cross?

06:54

What would be step 6 for this cross?

07:12

What are the chances of an offspring like Moo?

1. 0 %
2. 25 %
3. 50 %
4. 75 %

ASSIGNMENTS FOR LESSON 4:

• START AT THE LEVEL THAT APPLIES TO YOU
• THEY MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE THE NEXT LESSON
• FIRST 10 MINUTES IN SILENCE, THEN YOU CAN DISCUSS AND ASK QUESTIONS

STUDY FOR THE TESTWEEK:

• STUDY FOR THE GLOSSARY QUIZ

• STUDY THE WRTS LSN 1-3
• STUDY YOUR NOTES
• STUDY THE IN CLASS ASSIGNMENTS