summary big test period 1

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

Bio = Life

Logy = study

How can you tell something is alive? 

What are the 7 life processes?

 Organisms

Organism: living creature

All organisms have life processes

Living: shows the 7 life processes

Dead: once showed the 7 life processes, doesn't do that anymore.

Non-living: Never showed the 7 life processes.

Living

Dead

Non living

Living

Dead

Non living

Which life process?

1. Moving
2. Breathing
3. Growing
4. Reproducing

Which life process?

1. Moving
2. Breathing
3. Growing
4. Reproducing

Levels or organisation #1

cell organelle = part of a cell with a specific function
cell = the building blocks of an organisms
tissue = a group of cells with the same shape and function
organ = a part of an organism that performs a specific function
organ system = a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

organism = a living creature 

Levels of organisation #2

organism = individual living thing

population = a group of the same species
living in the same area.

specie = a group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring

community = alle the organisms in an ecosystem, all the different populations living in an ecosystem

ecosystems = more or less limited area with both the living and non-living nature in that area

Levels of organisation: drag the names to the correct location 

Organism

Tissue

Cell

Organs

Organsystem

Drag the levels of organisation 

to the correct places in the image

Ecosystem

Community

Population

Organism

Choose the smallest in size out of these four?

1. Liver
2. Muscle cell
3. Human
4. Muscle tissue

Cell organelles: basic parts

cell membrane = separates the inside from the outside of the cell, controls what goes in and out of the cell, the outer layer of the cell
cytoplasm = the inside of the cell, a thick fluid consisting of water  with dissolved substances

Cell organelles: basic parts

nucleus = control centre of the cell, contains DNA

• nuclear membrane
• nuclear plasm

Cell organelles: plants

cell wall = a tough layer around a plant cell, is not part of the cell, it goes around the cell

vacuole = a vesicle in a plant cell that is filled with fluid

Cell organelles: plants

plastids = granules in a plant cell that have a special function, such as:

• chromoplasts = plastids that give flowers and fruits their colour
• chloroplasts = plastids where photosynthesis takes place
• amyloplasts = plastids in which starch is stored

Which parts of the plant cell are indicated here?

cell wall

nucleus

chloroplast

cyroplasm

Vacuole

Celmembrane plant

Cytoplasm plant

Nucleus plant

Vacuole

chloroplast

Cell wall

Celmembrane animal

Cytoplasm animal

nucleus animal

What is the function of each part of a plant cell?

Controls everything that happens in the cell.

Makes a plant cell sturdy.

Can allow substances to enter and leave the cell.

Provides a strong layer around the cell.

Viscous fluid; the nucleus and chloroplasts are located within it.

Gives the plant its green color and produces nutrients

cell membrane

cytoplasm

vacuole

cell wall

chloroplasts

nucleus

Which organelle is responsible for respiration?

1. nucleus
2. mitochondrion
3. chloroplast
4. vacuole

Microscope

Try to memorize the parts of the microscope

(     )

(              ) 

types of membranes

permeable = 

a membrane with big pores, water and substances can move through the pores

semi-permeable or selectively permeable = 

very small pores, only water can go through, not the dissolved substances

Diffusion

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration of that substance.

Osmosis

= diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

= the movement of water from a place with a low concentration  to a place with a high concentration

Osmosis in animal cells

hypotone solution OUTSIDE of the cell

osmosis happens: water moves in the cell and the cells burst

isotonic solution -  inside and outside of the cell: same concentration is present

the same amount of water moves in and out of the cell

hypertone solution OUTSIDE of the cell

water leaves the cell through osmosis, the cells shrink

Osmosis in plant cells

hypotonic solution OUTSIDE of the cells

osmosis happens: water moves in the cell the plant cell is in TURGOR

isotonic solution-  inside and outside of the cell: same concentration is present

the same amount of water moves in and out of the cell

hypertonic solution OUTSIDE of the cell

osmosis happens: water moves out of the cell, the cell shrinks, the cell membrane lets go of the cell wall PLASMOLYSIS

Osmosis: water moves in the direction of the ........ concentration of saltmolecules through a semipermabel membrance

1. highest
2. lowest

Osmosis: (A) always moves to the place with the (B) amount of dissolved substances.

1. A: water B: most
2. A: water B: least
3. A: substances B: most
4. A:substances B: least

A plantcel is placed in a solution
Is this solution
isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic?

1. Hypertonic
2. Isotonic
3. Hypotonic

What happens if you put an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?

1. the cell will burst
2. the cell will stay the same
3. the cell will shrink
4. the cell will dance

Is a salt solution of 30 % hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic, or is this something you can't know?

1. hypertonic
2. hypotonic
3. isotonic
4. can't know

 The red blood cell which is placed in a HYPOTONIC environment is the one on the

1. Left
2. Right
3. Middle
4. -

Tips for studying 

1. Make flashcards/glossary (begrippenlijst). Learn the highlighted words!
2. Fill in the summaries 
3. Understand the pictures in the book. Try to explain them to someone. 
4. Practice! Make extra exercises, test yourself, Biologiepagina.nl,

www.liveworksheets.com