Present perfect

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

PRESENT PERFECT

De formule van de present perfect is:

Onderwerp (ow) + to have (have / has) + voltooid deelwoord (werkwoord + ed)

• I have participated in five tournaments.
  
• I’ve looked everywhere.
  
• You have disappointed me.
  
• He has visited America multiple times.
  
• He’s never participated in a video game tournament before.

PRESENT PERFECT

LET OP: Bij irregular verbs heeft het voltooid deelwoord een eigen vorm. De rest van de formule verandert niet.

• You have won three medals, congratulations!
  
• He’s eaten too much, his stomach hurts now.
  
• We’ve met before.

PRESENT PERFECT

We gebruiken de present perfect:

Om te zeggen dat iets in het verleden is begonnen en nu nog steeds aan de gang is. Er staat vaak een bepaling van tijd met for of since in de zin.

• We have lived here for three years.
  
• Mr Kipling has worked here since 2015.

PRESENT PERFECT

We gebruiken de present perfect:

Om te zeggen dat iets in het verleden gebeurd is waar je nu de resultaten van merkt (gevolg).

• He has broken his leg, so he can’t come on our trip.

PRESENT PERFECT

We gebruiken de present perfect:

Voor dingen die in het verleden zijn gebeurd, maar het niet duidelijk of belangrijk is wanneer precies.

• We have visited France three times.
  
• Cate has planned a trip.

PRESENT PERFECT

Complete the sentences using the present perfect.

1. I ___ (study) French.
   
2. We ___ (read) that book.
   
3. They ___ (miss) that train.
   
4. We ___ (eat) too much chocolate.
   
5. Lucy ___ (cook) breakfast.

PRESENT PERFECT

1. I have studied French.
   
2. We have read that book.
   
3. They have missed that train.
   
4. We have eaten too much chocolate.
   
5. Lucy has cooked breakfast.

PRESENT PERFECT

Vraagzinnen in de present perfect maken we door de vorm van to have naar voren te schuiven. De rest van de zin laten we intact.

De formule wordt dan: have / has + ow + voltooid deelwoord

• I have participated in five tournaments. - Have I participated in five tournaments?
  
• You have disappointed me. - Have you disappointed me?
  
• He has visited America multiple times. - Has he visited America multiple times?

PRESENT PERFECT

Ontkenningszinnen in de present perfect maken we door not achter de vorm van to have te zetten.

De formule wordt dan: ow + have / has not + voltooid deelwoord

• I have participated in five tournaments. - I have not participated in five tournaments.
  
• You have disappointed me. - You have not disappointed me.
  
• He has visited America multiple times. - He has not visited America multiple times.

PRESENT PERFECT

Rewrite the sentences as both questions and negations.

1. I have studied French.
   
2. We have read that book.
   
3. They have missed that train.
   
4. We have eaten too much chocolate.
   
5. Lucy has cooked breakfast.

PRESENT PERFECT

Questions:

1. Have I studied French?
2. Have we read that book?
   
3. Have the missed that train?
   
4. Have we eaten too much chocolate?
   
5. Has Lucy cooked breakfast?
   

PRESENT PERFECT

Negations:

1. I haven’t studied French.
2. We haven’t read that book.
   
3. They haven’t missed that train.
   
4. We haven’t eaten too much chocolate.
   
5. Lucy hasn’t cooked breakfast.