6.2 The social issue

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

6.2: The Social Issue

The class system 

Before the Industrial Revolution, most societies were divided into estates. Your ancestry would usually decide your estate.

During the industrial revolution, this changes to a class system. Your class is based on your income. How wealthier, how higher the class.

Capitalism

Capitalism = an economic system in which making profit and private ownership are essential. It’s all about making as much profit as possible.

Who benefited from this system?

• the upper and middle class. You need money to be able to invest and thus make a profit.

What was the effect of capitalism in the 19th century?

• Since employers wanted to make a profit, they would give their workers low wages.

Working conditions in the factories

• Long hours, but low wages --> everyone of the family had to work to survive (child labour)
• Adults operated the machines, while children did work as chimney sweeps or had to crawl into narrow spaces in mines or under machines to pick up cotton.
  
• Dangerous, monotonous, etc.

Living conditions in the industrial cities

• Special neighbourhoods for factory workers. 
• Families had to share one room that was often very small and badly insulated (cold in winter, damp and hot in summer) 
• The streets were filthy because people had no toilets or clean water supply. They threw their waste on the streets --> attracted rats and other vermin. These animals and polluted water caused diseases such as Cholera and Typhus, killing countless people.

Time to work....

• Read par 6.2
• Summarize par 6.1 and 6.2
• Make par 6,2

Vraag aan leerlingen wat het nadeel van deze urbanisatie was.

Drag and drop to finish this overview.

candles / oil lamps

Modern Age

horses / walking

steam locomotive

much

manual

agricultural urban society

machines

cause

effect

Were the statements below causes

 or effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Factories were built to house the big, new machines.

Entrepreneurs were willing to invest in new inventions.

Homeworkers could now work much faster than before.

The first machines led to unemployment of homeworkers.

growth of cities

population growth

Drag the groups of people to the correct class

The upper class

The Middle Class

The Working Class

Factory owners

Factory workers

Doctors

Professors

Bankers

Copy this table in your notebook and complete it with the information in paragraph 6.2 

What is Socialism?
What did socialists want to achieve?
How did they try to achieve this?
What did they achieve?
Important socialists