9.4 Illness (part 1)

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

9.4 Illness (part 1)

Are you ready

- phone in your locker

- coat on the coatrack

- bags off the table

- books etc. on the table

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Leerdoelen

• You will learn about what makes you ill and how to fight pathogens.

• You will learn against which illnesses you are vaccinated and what happens during a transplantation.

What makes you catch a cold?

1. A bacterium
2. A virus
3. Cold weather
4. A vitamin C deficiency

When are you more likely to catch a cold?

1. When you take the bus to school
2. If you go to school on your bike

Micro-organisms

	What do they do?
Bacteria	release toxins and cause inflammation
Fungi	release toxins
Virusses	penetrate and destroy cells

Bacteria

Bacteria = Microscopic organisms that can cause disease

How? Release toxins and cause inflammation.

Example: pneumonia or infected wound

Fungi

Fungi= micro-organisms that can cause illnesses

How? Release toxins

Example: Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) = Zwemmerseczeem

Virusses

Virusses= Microscopic pathogens

How? Infect host cells with genetic material to replicate

Example: Flu and colds

Contagion/infection = Pathogens enter through:

- mouth

- nose

- genitals

- wounds

Comes from:

Sneezing, coughing, physical contact, objects, food

Incubation period = The time between infection and the first signs of illness (symptoms)

Diagnosis (determining)

Prognosis (predicting)

White blood cells

White blood cells (made in bone marrow)
- Scavenger cells
- B-cells (Antibody producing cells)

Scavenger cells

- scavenger cells leave the capillaries
- they trap and digest the bacteria
- the feeding cells die
- pus/liquid matter = dead white blood cells, digested bacteria and remains of skin cells

B-cells make antibodies

Antigens = recognition proteins on the outside of a cell.

Self-antigens = antigens of body cells

Non-self antigens = antigens on a pathogen

True or false?
Any type of bacteria can make you sick.

1. True
2. False

True or false?
Viruses enter your cells

1. True
2. False

True or False?

Diseases caused by pathogens are called infectious illnesses.

1. True
2. False

Bloodcells are created in your..

What two types of white blood cells are there?

What?	Make: 9.4 assignment 4 t/m 14
How?	In your book. You may whisper.
Help?	Raise your hand or ask your neighbour.
Time?	15 minuten
Finished?	Check your answers! Then make a summary of 9.3.