One Earth 2: Chapter 1

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 3

The Earth & Natural disasters

Chapter 1

What is a tsunami? 

• a very high wave (tsu = harbour, nami = wave)
• is caused by an earthquake on the seafloor
• tectonic platemovement, seafloor slips or is displaced
• as part of the seafloor moves, so does a vast quantity of water
• waves can reach a speed of 800 kph

Time travel tsunami

Nearing the coast...

• The wave approaches the coastline at high speed
• It is slowed down by the shallower coastal water
• Because of that, the wave builds up vertically
• Waves can reach heights of 10-15 meters above normal levels
• It can pass sea defences (like dikes) easily and crashes down on the areas lying beyond the sea defences

The result is often devastating

1.8 Volcanoes

Extrusive volcanic activity

Intrusive volcanic activity

3 types of volcanoes

1. Active volcanoes (Japan has 10% of all active volcanoes)
   
2. Extinct volcanoes (Also considered dead volcanoes)
3. Dormant volcanoes (Also considered sleeping volcanoes)

The Ring of Fire

• Based around the Pacific Ocean -->
• Created by tectonic plates
• Called 'Fire' because of all volcanic activity
• Over 600 active volcanoes are found in this "ring"

Shield Volcano
= lava spreads quickly

Ash-cinder Volcano
= lava spreads less quickly

Stratovolcano