gerrund or to + inf

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

The gerund or to + infinitive?

The gerund

A gerund is a noun (zelfst. nw) that looks like a verb (ww)

The gerund is een -ing vorm. Hij lijkt op de continuous tijd maar is het niet want er staat geen am/is/are/was/were voor:

Parking in London is very expensive. 

Swimming is a good form of exercise. 

you use the gerund...

after like, love, hate, enjoy:

I like sleeping in at the weekend.

She loves going out on Saturdays.

They hate playing football in the rain.

We enjoy watching horror movies together. 

you use the gerund...

after start, begin, continue and stop:

It will probably start raining soon.

He began using this software three years ago.

Kate continued wearing her wedding ring after her divorce. 

I stopped smoking a few years ago.

you use the gerund...

After prepositions (voorzetsels):

He eats his breakfast before heading out to work.

My sister sometimes thinks about leaving her house and going on a journey. 

After working there for twelve years, Dave quit his job. 

you use the gerund...

na uitdrukkingen:

It makes no sense wearing a swimsuit in the snow. 

I can't stand waiting in line at the cash register. 

It's no use telling him that again, he already knows. 

I don't mind doing homework, it's not that bad.

I'm looking forward to meeting you.

To + infinitive

Soms moet of kun je i.p.v. the gerund to + infinitive gebruiken. 

The infinitive = het hele werkwoord

I hope to see you soon.

She wanted to be a pilot when she was little. 

Wanneer moet je to + infinitive gebruiken?

Na werkwoorden die een gevoel of gedachte uitdrukken:

I expect to graduate next year.

I interviewed a government minister who chose to remain anonymous.

If you need my help, don't hesitate to call me. 

Wanneer moet je to + infinitive gebruiken?

Na werkwoorden die te maken hebben met 'iets zeggen':

We promise to stay with you until the end.

We agreed to finish the project two days later. 

He refused to get out of the car. 

Wanneer moet je to + infinitive gebruiken?

Na would like, would love, would hate, would enjoy:

I would like to continue with the program now. 

I would hate to see you get hurt. 

I would love to come to your wedding next month. 

Wanneer moet je to + infinitive gebruiken?

Na de werkwoorden to learn, to manage, to fail en to tend:

I tend to be a bit grumpy in the mornings.

He failed to pass his driving test. 

We managed to be on time despite the delay. 

Let op bij remember

Remember heeft 2 betekenissen

1. onthouden --> to + inf gebruiken

Remember to buy a suitcase before you leave. 

2. zich herinneren --> gerund gebruiken

I remember being 5 years old and riding my first bike. 

What is a gerund?

1. A sentence where the action is more important than the person who did it.
2. An -ing form used as a noun.
3. The -ing form in a continuous tense.
4. An -Ing form used as a verb.

In which sentence is a gerund used?

1. He remembered to take the dog for a walk.
2. I am working right now!
3. He stopped buying magazines.
4. He stopped to buy a magazine.

What is NOT a reason to use a gerund?

1. When we talk about something that is going on right now: Hey look! It is snowing right now!
2. After the verb go when we talk about activities: Jacques goes sailing at the weekends.
3. As a noun: Swimming is a great way to keep fit.
4. After prepositions: I'm so bored with doing nothing all day.

To summarize

- We form a gerund with a verb and the -Ing ending.

- You can use them:

- As nouns, prepositions and after the verb go.

Example: Watching tv is a great pastime. 

What is not an example of a full infinitive form?

1. We went to the gym TO ASK about sporting classes.
2. My trainer was pleased TO SEE that I was improving.
3. I decided TO JOIN the gym together.
4. We CAN GET to the theatre faster if we take the bus.

To summarize:

- The full infinitive is formed with a To and the bare form of a verb.

- Sometimes when we use a gerund instead of an infinitive the meaning changes.