A. 2 Brain

• Science
• 10th Grade

Neural Tube

When vertebrates are embryos a neural tube forms on the back/dorsal side.  Most of it becomes a spinal cord but the part in the front, the anterior end, becomes the brain.   

What is the neural tube?

What part of the neural tube becomes the brain?

my.clevelandclinic.org

Problems in NTD

Can cause disorders such as spina bifida

Medulla oblongata

has control of involuntary functions / autonomic functions such as gut muscles, breathing, blood vessels and heart muscles. 

If the medulla oblongata were completely damaged, what functions in the body would become uncontrolled?

Cerebellum

coordinates unconscious movement such as posture, balance

A gymnast damages their cerebellum. Will they continue to compete?

hypothalamus

synthesizes hormones for the posterior pituitary, 

releases factors that regulates secreetion of hormones by the anterior pituitary

Pituitary

stores and releases hormones from the posterior lobe

anterior lobe secretes hormones that regulate body

Why is the pituitary important?

Cerebral hemispheres

the two wrinkled (for more area) parts of the brain that do thinking learning memory and emotions

Who are two patients who contributed to our understanding of brain location functions? Explain.

Cerebral Cortex

The frontal lobe controls motor activity and tasks associated with the dopamine system 

The parietal lobe is responsible for touch sensation (tactility) as well as spatial navigation 

The temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and language comprehension

The occipital lobe is the visual processing centre of the brain and is responsible for sight perception

What does the parietal lobe do?

What does the temporal lobe do?

What does the occipital lobe do?

What does autonomic mean?

What side of the brain receives sensory input from the right side of the body?

What is neural plasticity?

What is neural pruning?

Why did the control of fire and cooking come before hominid brains became big?

If someone has brain damage to the right side of the brain, they might lose motor / motion control of the

1. right side of the body
2. the left side of the body
3. both sides
4. neither side

Energy from cell respiration is need to main resting potentials in neurons and to resestablish it after an action potential and to make neurotransmitters.  The human brain uses a larger percentage of the energy in the body than most vertebrate brains.