4.2 The Age of Reason (part 2)

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 3

Worksheet 3.4 The Scientific Revolution

Let's discuss the worksheet together

4.2 The Age of Reason (part 2)

Who is this?

Lady Justice

[4.2] Why was Voltaire thrown in jail several times?

[4.2] Which idea does not fit the Age of Reason?

1. Basic human rights
2. Freedom of speech
3. Religious tolerance
4. Freedom from religion

[4.2]

Causes to the Age of Reason

The growing popularity of salon parties.

The Scientific Revolution

The rise of bookstores

The French Revolution

4.2 The Age of Reason (part 2)

The goals for this lesson

At the end of this lesson you...

• understand the idea of separation of powers.
• understand why some monarch became enlightened rulers [4.3]. 

Enlightenment

• = Collection of new ideas from the 18th century about politics and religion.
• When following these new ideas you were 'enlightened'. 

Diderot

''The philosopher has never killed any priests, whereas the priest has killed a great many philosophers.''

Diderot

• 1713-1784
• Radical thinker that criticised the church and king.
• Public atheist.
• Famous editor of the Encyclopédie = collection of articles.
• He wrote 6,000 out of the total 72,000 articles.

Absolute power

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Louis XVI

(1754-1793)

''L'état c'est moi'' 

Louis XIV

'Droit Devin' =  Divine Right

The wise king Salomon (c. 1000 BC)

Could a medieval state legally depose of its monarch?

1. No
2. Yes

Which 16th century thinker was one of the first to state you could depose of your monarch?

Montesquieu 

• 1689-1755
• French philosopher and historian.
• Famous for the theory of separation of powers = not all power should lay in the hands of one person.

The powers of Louis XIV

The power to raise taxes

The power to wage war

The power to appoint bishops

The power to change the bible

The power use the death penalty

The power to take other's possessions

The power to abolish the nobility

The power to dissolve the States General

Separation of powers

Trias Politica

Three powers:

= The power to make judgement on law.

= The power to make and change laws.

= The power to put laws into actions

Executive

Legislature

Judiciary

Why is lady Justice blindfolded?

Objects with Van Bruggen

Frederick the Great from Prussia (German state) - most famous enlightened ruler 

Enlightened rulers

• Some monarchs followed new ideas such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
• But they still kept their political and military power  -> enlightened absolutism.

Could Willem Alexander be considered an enlightened absolute ruler?

1. No
2. Yes

www.un.org

Use the link of the previous page

Read the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Make your personal top 5 and write them below your notes.

Discuss and compare your choses with your neighbours.

The goals for this lesson

At the end of this lesson you...

• understand the idea of separation of powers.
• understand why some monarch became enlightened rulers [4.3]. 

What is the next subject?