Grammar unit 4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Grammar unit 4

4.1 Mogen

4.2 Past Perfect

4.3 Adjectives & adverbs

4.4 Both/either/neither

4.5 Present Perfect Continuous

4.6 Comparisons

4.7 Als

Wat is de bedoeling

1. Alle grammatica van unit 4 herhalen
2. Op je eigen niveau kunnen oefenen
3. Een voldoende halen voor je toets

Mogen

May + hele werkwoord

• Mogen (formeel) : You may go
  
• Zou kunnen (een kans dat): She may be ill
  

Might + hele werkwoord

• Zou misschien mogen (erg formeel) : Might I ask the Minister a question?
  
• Zou misschien kunnen (kleine kans) : Alien might exist.

Mogen

(to be) allowed to + hele werkwoord ( kan altijd gebruikt worden)

• Mogen (toestaan) : He was allowed to leave early
  

Past Perfect

Voltooid Verleden Tijd

Regelmatige werkwoorden : had + werkwoord + ed

had walked

Onregelmatige werkwoorden: had + 3de rijtje (achterin je boek)

had bought

What is happening in this sentence?

When he arrived at the train station, the train had already left.

What happened

first?

🇬🇧 Past Simple 

🇳🇱 Verleden Tijd

ww+ed

(irr. verb = 2e vorm)

I 

I saw him yesterday.

🇬🇧 Past Perfect

🇳🇱 Voltooid Verleden Tijd

🇬🇧 Past Simple 

🇳🇱 Verleden Tijd

ww+ed

(irr. verb = 2e vorm)

He arrived to the train station.

I decided to walk home.

🇬🇧 Past Perfect 

🇳🇱 Voltooid Verleden Tijd

had + ww+ed

(irr. verb = had + 3e vorm)

When he arrived to the train station the train had left.

I had lost my bike key so I decided to walk home.

The Past Perfect shows what happened first in the past.

Fill in the Past Perfect:
When I walked in, the meeting ___already___ (start).

Fill in the Past Perfect:
After he ______ (pass) his exam, he threw a party.

They ________ (show) me the pictures they ________ (take) during their holiday.

1. had shown - took
2. showed - had taken

Making a sentence with the Past Perfect and Past Simple.

- Ben bought flowers for Jen. (1)

- Ben arrived at Jen's house. (2)

What happened first? --> Past Perfect

Ben had bought flowers before he arrived at Jen's house. 

or

Before he arrived at Jen's house, Ben had bought flowers.

Adjectives + Adverbs

Adjectives/ Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden

• Zeggen wat over zelfstandig naamwoorden
• The red dress (red zegt wat over de jurk)

Adverbs/ Bijwoorden

• Geven meer informatie over andere adjectives en werkwoorden en eindigen op -ly
• She is really old ( really geeft extra informatie over hoe oud)

Adjective or Adverb
She drove very slowly
'slowly'

1. Adjective
2. Adverb

Adjective or Adverb
She is a very beautiful girl
"beautiful"

1. Adjective
2. Adverb

Both/Neither/Either

Both

• beide
• I like them both

Both...... and

• zowel....als
• I like both tea and coffee

Both/Neither/Either

Either

• een van beide
• You can pick either

Either.....and

• of..... of
• You can pick either tea or coffee

Both/Neither/Either

Neither

• geen van beide
• I  like neither of them

Neither......nor

• noch......noch
• I like neither tea nor coffee, they are both gross

Present Perfect Continuous

Have / Has + been+ werkwoord+ing

I have been waiting for over two hours! 

He has been trying for a while. 

Present Perfect Continuous

1. Something happened in the past and is still relevant for now + you want to emphasis the duration of it.                      (Iets gebeurde in het verleden en is nog steeds relevant. Je wilt nadruk leggen op lengte van de gebeurtenis.)

We have been playing tennis for over three hours and I'm still not tired. 

Present Perfect Continuous

2. Emphasize that something was going on and has just ended.

(Nadruk geven op iets wat is gebeurd en net is afgelopen.)

She has been crying for hours; her eyes are still red.

I have been running. I’m exhausted.

Hoe maak je de Present Perfect Continuous?

1. have/has+ voltooid deelwoord
2. have/has + been + werkwoord+ing
3. werkwoord + ing
4. werkwoord + ed

Fill in the Present Perfect Continuous:
Why are you not tired?
I ______ (to take) naps.

Janice is walking in a strange way, isn’t she?
She _____ (to have) problems with her left leg lately.

Comparisons

Vergrotende trap:

• + er of more
• Big - Bigger
• Beautiful - more beautiful

Overtreffende trap:

• + est of most
• Big - Bigger - Biggest
• Beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful

Als

Like

• Hoe iemand eruit ziet / hoe iemand doet
• She looks like her mother /  He acts like his father

As

• Een baan van iemand/ een functie van iets
• He works as a teacher / She used her bag as het umbrella 

That was unit 4

Deadline SO: Sunday 24 23:59